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In \u00c4gypten sind sechs Oppositionelle, darunter die Politiker Zyad el-Elaimy, Hossam Moanis und Hisham Fouad, in unfairen Verfahren von einem Notstandsgericht zu Haftstrafen zwischen drei und f\u00fcnf Jahren verurteilt worden. Sie hatten nichts weiter getan, als die Menschenrechtslage, die Wirtschaftspolitik und den Lebensstandard in \u00c4gypten zu kritisieren.

Philip Luther, Direktor f\u00fcr Recherchen und Advocacy f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten und Nordafrika bei Amnesty International, erkl\u00e4rt angesichts dieser Urteile: \u00abEs ist heuchlerisch von den \u00e4gyptischen Beh\u00f6rden, kurz nach der Ank\u00fcndigung einer neuen Menschenrechtsstrategie mehrere Oppositionspolitiker zu bestrafen.\u00bb

Zyad el-Elaimy, einer der f\u00fchrenden Aktivist*innen der Demonstrationsbewegung von 2011 und f\u00fchrendes Mitglied der \u00c4gyptischen Sozialdemokratischen Partei, gewann 2012 einen Sitz im Parlament. Hossam Moanis ist Journalist und Sprecher der linksgerichteten Partei Popular Current Party. Hisham Fouad ist Gewerkschafter, Journalist und sozialistischer Politiker. Die Sicherheitskr\u00e4fte nahmen die drei M\u00e4nner im Juni\u00a02019 fest, kurz nachdem sie sich getroffen hatten, um zu besprechen, wie sie bei den Wahlen 2020 antreten wollten. Nach der Festnahme wurden die drei \u00fcber zwei Jahre lang ohne Gerichtsverfahren festgehalten. \u00a0Alle an dieser \u00abKoalition der Hoffnung\u00bb Beteiligten waren einer Reihe von Menschenrechtsverletzungen ausgesetzt, darunter willk\u00fcrliche Festnahmen und Inhaftierungen, Einsch\u00fcchterung, Verschwindenlassen und Folter.

Ein Kairoer Notstandsgericht (Misdemeanors State Security Emergency Court) verurteilte Zyad el-Elaimy am 17.\u00a0November zu f\u00fcnf Jahren Gef\u00e4ngnis, Hossam Moanis und Hisham Fouad zu vier Jahren und drei weitere Personen zu drei Jahren Haft. Alle erhielten zus\u00e4tzlich eine Geldstrafe von 500\u00a0\u00e4gyptischen Pfund (ca. 28\u00a0Schweizer Franken), weil sie in den Sozialen Medien Beitr\u00e4ge geteilt hatten, die sich kritisch \u00fcber die Menschenrechtslage und die Wirtschaftspolitik in \u00c4gypten \u00e4usserten. Sie wurden der \u00abVerbreitung von Falschnachrichten zur Untergrabung der nationalen Sicherheit\u00bb f\u00fcr schuldig befunden.

Unfaire Scheinprozesse

Im Juli\u00a02021 waren Zyad el-Elaimy, Hossam Moanis und Hisham Fouad wegen falscher Anschuldigungen im Zusammenhang mit ihren friedlichen politischen Aktivit\u00e4ten, einschliesslich ihrer Pl\u00e4ne zur Bildung einer s\u00e4kularen Oppositionskoalition im Vorfeld der Parlamentswahlen im Jahr 2020, in einem separaten Verfahren vor ein Notstandsgericht gestellt worden.

Trotz der Beendigung des Ausnahmezustands setzen die \u00e4gyptischen Beh\u00f6rden weiterhin Notstandsgerichte ein, um diejenigen zum Schweigen zu bringen, die die miserable Menschenrechtslage in \u00c4gypten kritisieren. Die Politiker und Aktivisten wurden wegen der legitimen \u00c4usserung von Kritik an den \u00e4gyptischen Beh\u00f6rden zu Gef\u00e4ngnisstrafen verurteilt. Sie h\u00e4tten nicht festgenommen werden d\u00fcrfen.

Amnesty International fordert, dass Pr\u00e4sident al-Sisi die Urteile aufhebt und alle Personen, die nur wegen der Aus\u00fcbung ihres Rechts auf freie Meinungs\u00e4usserung inhaftiert sind, unverz\u00fcglich und bedingungslos freigelassen werden. \u00abDie Beh\u00f6rden m\u00fcssen die Scheinprozesse vor Notstandsgerichten einstellen, weil sie die internationalen Standards f\u00fcr faire Verfahren, einschliesslich des Rechts auf Widerspruch, nicht einhalten\u00bb, sagt Philip Luther.

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