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Amnesty International dokumentiert in einem neuen Bericht mehrere aussergerichtliche Hinrichtungen in der \u00e4thiopischen Amhara-Region. Der Bericht \u00abWe thought they would fight with those they came to fight with, not with us\u00bb \u2013 Extrajudical executions in Bahir Dar by ENDF soldiers. (PDF, 19 pages) schildert, wie ENDF-Soldat*innen im August und Oktober 2023 in mehreren Vierteln von Bahir Dar, der Hauptstadt der Region Amhara, Zivilpersonen get\u00f6tet haben.

Die Untersuchungen von Menschenrechtsverletzungen w\u00e4hrend des Konflikts in der Amhara-Region sind schwierig, da das Internet seit Monaten abgeschaltet ist und andere Kommunikationswege immer wieder unterbrochen werden. Seit August 2023 ist zudem ein weitreichender Ausnahmezustand in Kraft, der die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit einschr\u00e4nkt und zu Verhaftungen von Journalist*innen und Regierungskritiker*innen f\u00fchrt.

Tigere Chagutah, Regionaldirektor von Amnesty International f\u00fcr das \u00f6stliche und s\u00fcdliche Afrika sagte: \u00abDie systematische Straflosigkeit in \u00c4thiopien macht es T\u00e4ter*innen leicht, immer weiter Verbrechen zu begehen. Es gibt keine unabh\u00e4ngige Justiz und keine Konsequenzen f\u00fcr schwere Straftaten, auch nicht gegen solche, die Verbrechen gegen das V\u00f6lkerrecht darstellen. Dieser weit verbreiteten Straflosigkeit muss ein Ende gesetzt werden. Die \u00e4thiopischen Beh\u00f6rden m\u00fcssen daf\u00fcr sorgen, dass die Menschenrechtsverletzungen und V\u00f6lkerrechtsverbrechen, die seit Ende 2020 von der ENDF und verb\u00fcndeten Kr\u00e4ften begangen werden, untersucht und vor Gericht gebracht werden.\u00bb

Aussergerichtliche Hinrichtungen in Abune Hara, Lideta und Seba Tamit

Mehr als ein Jahr nach Ende der K\u00e4mpfe in Tigray verletzen die ENDF dem Bericht zufolge weiterhin die Menschenrechte und das humanit\u00e4re V\u00f6lkerrecht. Am 8. August 2023 richteten die ENDF w\u00e4hrend Kampfhandlungen sechs Zivilpersonen aussergerichtlich hin \u2013 dies dokumentierte Amnesty International in den Vierteln Abune Hara und Lideta im Stadtteil Kebele 14 von Bahar Dar. Nach Angaben von Augenzeug*innen und Familienangeh\u00f6rigen wurden die Opfer durch Sch\u00fcsse aus n\u00e4chster N\u00e4he get\u00f6tet.

Im Oktober brachen in anderen Stadtteilen von Bahir Dar K\u00e4mpfe aus, haupts\u00e4chlich in Seba Tamit. In diesem Zusammenhang haben die ENDF am 10. und 11. Oktober sechs weitere M\u00e4nner hinrichtetet, darunter mindestens f\u00fcnf Zivilpersonen. Unter den Get\u00f6teten war auch ein Patient eines Gesundheitszentrums. Im selben Gesundheitszentrum schlugen und bedrohten die ENDF auch medizinisches Personal mit vorgehaltener Waffe.

In der gleichen Gegend richteten ENDF-Soldat*innen am Morgen des 11. Oktober drei Br\u00fcder und eine*n Nachbar*in aussergerichtlich hin. Nach Angaben von Angeh\u00f6rigen hatten die ENDF einer Familie zun\u00e4chst verboten, die Leichen zu bergen, so dass sie warten mussten, bis die Soldat*innen abgezogen waren.

\u00abEs ist an der Zeit, \u00c4thiopien wieder in den Blickpunkt der regionalen und internationalen \u00d6ffentlichkeit zu r\u00fccken. Die Partner*innen des Landes, einschliesslich Mitglieder des UNO-Menschenrechtsrates, m\u00fcssen unverz\u00fcglich Massnahmen zur erneuten \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Menschenrechtslage in \u00c4thiopien ergreifen. Ausserdem m\u00fcssen sie ein Verfahren daf\u00fcr etablieren, wie sie mit den Ergebnissen der Internationalen Expert*innenkommission f\u00fcr Menschenrechte in \u00c4thiopien (ICHREE) weiterarbeiten wollen\u00bb, sagte Tigere Chagutah,

Hintergrund

Im August 2023 ist in der Region Amhara ein nationaler bewaffneter Konflikt zwischen der ENDF und der Fano-Miliz ausgebrochen. Die jetzt verfeindeten, fr\u00fcheren Verb\u00fcndeten hatten zuvor gemeinsam in der nord\u00e4thiopischen Region Tigray gek\u00e4mpft. Zu den K\u00e4mpfen kam es nach dem Abkommen \u00fcber die Einstellung der Feindseligkeiten zwischen der \u00e4thiopischen Regierung und der Volksbefreiungsfront Tigray im November 2022 und dem Beschluss der \u00e4thiopischen Regierung im April 2023, regionale Spezialeinheiten in die Streitkr\u00e4fte \u00c4thiopiens zu integrieren. Aus Ver\u00e4rgerung \u00fcber diese Entscheidung schlossen sich Mitglieder des Sondereinsatzkommandos der Polizei Amhara der Fano-Miliz an.

Am 4. August 2023 verh\u00e4ngte die \u00e4thiopische Regierung aufgrund der zunehmenden Gewalt in der Region Amhara einen landesweiten sechsmonatigen Ausnahmezustand, der am 2. Februar 2024 um weitere vier Monate verl\u00e4ngert wurde.

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Armee begeht aussergerichtliche Hinrichtungen in Amhara

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