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Augenzeug*innen j\u00fcngster Gr\u00e4ueltaten im \u00e4thiopischen West-Tigray berichteten Amnesty International und Human Rights Watch von Strassen, die mit Leichen \u00fcbers\u00e4t waren. Tigrayische Zivilpersonen, die versucht haben, der neuen Welle der Gewalt zu entkommen, wurden angegriffen und get\u00f6tet. F\u00fcr viele Menschen sind die Haftbedingungen lebensbedrohlich. Sie erfahren Folter, Hunger und Verweigerung einer medizinischen Versorgung.
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\u00abDie neuen \u00dcbergriffe der Amhara-Kr\u00e4fte gegen die tigrayische Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung in mehreren St\u00e4dten in West-Tigray sollten die Alarmglocken l\u00e4uten lassen\u00bb, sagte Joanne Mariner, Verantwortliche f\u00fcr Krisenreaktion bei Amnesty International. \u00abOhne sofortige internationale Massnahmen zur Verhinderung weiterer Gr\u00e4ueltaten sind die Menschen in Tigray, insbesondere die inhaftierten, in grosser Gefahr.\u00bb

Vertreibungen, Verhaftungen und Folter

Seit Anfang November haben Polizeikr\u00e4fte und Milizen der Region Amhara, darunter auch als \u00abFanos\u00bb bekannte Milizen, systematisch Menschen aus Tirgray in Adebai, Humera und Rawyan zusammengetrieben. Sie trennten Familien und nahmen erwachsene und minderj\u00e4hrige Zivilpersonen ab 15 Jahren fest. Sie haben Frauen und j\u00fcngere Kinder sowie kranke und \u00e4ltere Menschen aus dem Gebiet vertrieben. Einige der Vertriebenen sind inzwischen in Zentral-Tigray eingetroffen, w\u00e4hrend andere noch verschwunden sind.

Sechs Zeug*innen berichteten, dass Amhara-Kr\u00e4fte auf Menschen schossen, die vor den Razzien in Adebai fliehen wollten, und die Soldaten mit St\u00f6cken und scharfen Gegenst\u00e4nden angriffen. Eine unbekannte Zahl wurde get\u00f6tet.\u00abSie fingen an, auf jeden zu schiessen, der sich in Reichweite befand\u00bb, sagte ein 34-j\u00e4hriger Bauer aus Adebai, der \u00fcberlebte, weil er vor den\u00a0 angreifenden Fano-Milizen auf nahe gelegene Felder fliehen konnte. \u00abAls die Menschen versuchten zu fliehen... griffen [die Fano] sie mit Macheten und \u00c4xten an, so dass niemand entkommen konnte... Wir liefen an Leichen vorbei und standen alle unter Schock...\u00bb

Drei ehemalige H\u00e4ftlinge des Humera-Gef\u00e4ngnisses, von denen einige bis zu f\u00fcnf Monate inhaftiert waren, bevor sie im November fliehen konnten, berichteten, dass die amharischen Beh\u00f6rden sie \u00fcber l\u00e4ngere Zeit in extrem \u00fcberf\u00fcllten Zellen festhielten. Die W\u00e4rter verweigerten ihnen Nahrung und medizinische Versorgung und folterten und schlugen die Gefangenen, deren H\u00e4nde und F\u00fcsse gefesselt waren, mit St\u00f6cken und Gewehren. Ein ehemaliger H\u00e4ftling, der am 19. Juli verhaftet wurde, entkam um den 13. November herum, als er die Leichen von Mitgefangenen auf einen Traktor laden musste. Er sagte, er wisse von 30 Menschen, die w\u00e4hrend seiner Gefangenschaft gestorben seien, darunter sieben der 200 M\u00e4nner in seiner Zelle: \u00abAlle von uns haben das [die Schl\u00e4ge] durchgemacht, aber am schlimmsten war es f\u00fcr die schw\u00e4cheren \u00e4lteren M\u00e4nner\u00bb, sagte er.

Verst\u00f6sse gegen das humanit\u00e4re V\u00f6lkerrecht

Die Verantwortlichen auf \u00e4thiopischer Seite m\u00fcssen die Angriffe auf die Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung sofort einstellen. Ausserdem m\u00fcssen sie die Freilassung willk\u00fcrlich Inhaftierter veranlassen sowie Hilfsorganisationen und Organisationen mit einem Mandat zum Besuch von Haftzentren ungehinderten Zugang zum Westen von Tigray gew\u00e4hren, fordern Amnesty International und Human Rights Watch.
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Vertreibungen und vors\u00e4tzliche Angriffe auf die Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung verstossen gegen das humanit\u00e4re V\u00f6lkerrecht. Auch in Gewahrsam haben alle Gefangenen das Recht auf eine menschenw\u00fcrdige Behandlung, wozu auch der Zugang zu angemessener Nahrung und medizinischer Versorgung geh\u00f6rt. Eine Anordnung zur Vertreibung von Zivilpersonen aus Gr\u00fcnden, die nicht f\u00fcr deren Sicherheit erforderlich oder milit\u00e4risch zwingend sind, ist ein Kriegsverbrechen. Dasselbe gilt f\u00fcr Angriffe auf Zivilpersonen, die nicht direkt an den Kampfhandlungen beteiligt sind, sowie f\u00fcr Folter oder sonstige Misshandlungen von Gefangenen.

\u00a0Hintergrund

Im November und Dezember f\u00fchrten Amnesty International und Human Rights Watch Telefoninterviews mit 31 Personen, darunter 25 Zeug*innen und \u00dcberlebende sowie Angeh\u00f6rige von Inhaftierten und Vertriebenen, \u00fcber \u00dcbergriffe durch Amhara-Milizen und regionale Sicherheitskr\u00e4fte gegen tigrayische Zivilpersonen in den St\u00e4dten Adebai, Humera und Rawyan.

Amnesty International verifizierte zudem Satellitenaufnahmen. Auf den Bildern, die zwischen dem 19.\u00a0November und dem 5.\u00a0Dezember erstellt wurden, sind Fahrzeugbewegungen, Menschengruppen um ein behelfsm\u00e4ssiges Gefangenenlager, grosse Mengen an Schutt auf der Hauptstrasse sowie ausgebrannte Geb\u00e4ude in Adebai zu sehen.

Am 2. Dezember 2021 berichtete das B\u00fcro der Vereinten Nationen f\u00fcr die Koordinierung humanit\u00e4rer Angelegenheiten (OCHA), dass 1,2 Millionen Menschen seit Beginn des Konflikts aus West-Tigray vertrieben worden sind. In einem UN-Bericht vom 9. Dezember heisst es, dass zwischen dem 25. November und dem 1. Dezember \u00fcber 10'000 Tigrayer*innen aus West-Tigray vertrieben wurden. Darin steht auch, dass der Westen von Tigray aufgrund von Sicherheitsbedenken f\u00fcr Hilfsorganisationen unzug\u00e4nglich ist.

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