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\u00ab1995 schaute die Welt weg, als das schlimmste Verbrechen auf europ\u00e4ischem Boden seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg begangen wurde\u00bb, erinnert Stella Jegher von Amnesty International Schweiz. \u00abZwei Jahrzehnte sp\u00e4ter warten die Familien der Opfer dieses V\u00f6lkermords noch immer auf Gerechtigkeit und Wiedergutmachung. Das ist besch\u00e4mend.\u00bb

Am 10. und 11. Juli 1995 griff die bosnisch-serbische Armee unter der F\u00fchrung von General Ratko Mladi\u0107 die Uno-Schutzzone Srebrenica im Osten von Bosnien und Herzegowina an \u2013 unter den Augen der dort stationierten Uno-Soldaten. In den folgenden Tagen wurden mehr als 8000 Menschen, vor allem M\u00e4nner und Jungen, ermordet und in Massengr\u00e4bern verscharrt. Fast 7000 Opfer wurden seither exhumiert, identifiziert und begraben. Darunter 421 Kinder, eines davon ein Neugeborenes, und eine 94-j\u00e4hrige Frau. Rund 1000 Opfer konnten noch nicht gefunden und identifiziert werden.

Schleppende Aufkl\u00e4rung

Die Hauptverantwortlichen dieses Genozids, Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107, Ratko Mladi\u0107 und Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, wurden vor das Uno-Kriegsverbrechertribunal f\u00fcr das ehemalige Jugoslawien gestellt, und auch 74 weitere Personen wurden von diesem Gericht verurteilt. Doch die Aufkl\u00e4rung zahlreicher weiterer F\u00e4lle steht noch aus. Die Strafverfolgung internationaler Kriegsverbrechen auf nationaler Ebene geht nur sehr langsam voran. Die grosse Mehrheit der mutmasslichen Kriegsverbrecher l\u00e4uft noch immer straflos herum \u2013 in der Gewissheit, dass sie nicht belangt werden, solange der politische Wille nicht da ist.

In Bosnien und Herzegowina erkennt die offizielle Politik den V\u00f6lkermord nicht als solchen an, nicht einmal Schulb\u00fccher enthalten Hinweise auf das Geschehene. Der Vers\u00f6hnungsprozess geht nicht voran, das Land bleibt ethnisch gespalten. \u00abJe l\u00e4nger aber die Schuldigen auf freiem Fuss und die Toten in den Massengr\u00e4bern bleiben, desto l\u00e4nger wird \u2039Srebrenica\u203a als schw\u00e4rende Wunde anhaltende ethnische Spaltungen bef\u00f6rdern\u00bb, warnt Stella Jegher.

Fehlende Ressourcen

Wenngleich Bosnien und Herzegowina Anstrengungen unternommen hat, die Ressourcen f\u00fcr die Verfolgung von Kriegsverbrechen aufzustocken, reichen die Gelder noch l\u00e4ngst nicht aus, und der Regierung gelingt es nur sehr langsam, ihre Nationale Strategie zur Verfolgung von Kriegsverbrechen umzusetzen. Es braucht weitere Untersuchungs- und Strafverfolgungsprozesse, gleichzeitig muss der Zeuginnen- und Zeugenschutz gew\u00e4hrleistet werden.

\u00abSrebrenica erinnert uns nicht nur an moralische Verderbtheit, sondern auch an die Unf\u00e4higkeit der internationalen Gemeinschaft, einen V\u00f6lkermord zu verhindern, der vor den eigenen Augen geschieht\u00bb, so Jegher. \u00abUmso mehr muss die Internationale Gemeinschaft jetzt mit Nachdruck auf die Aufkl\u00e4rung der Verbrechen dringen und den zust\u00e4ndigen Beh\u00f6rden Unterst\u00fctzung anbieten, damit das Schicksal der Verschwundenen endlich aufgekl\u00e4rt und die Verantwortlichen zu Rechenschaft gezogen werden.\u00bb

Russlands Veto

Diese Woche verhinderte das Veto Russlands die Verabschiedung einer Srebrenica-Resolution im Uno-Sicherheitsrat. \u00abRussland verh\u00f6hnte damit die Angeh\u00f6rigen der Opfer\u00bb, sagt Jegher. \u00abEs ging in der Resolution um mehr als um die Anerkennung des Massakers als Genozid. Es ging auch um die langfristige Unterst\u00fctzung f\u00fcr die \u00dcberlebenden, auch der \u00dcberlebenden von sexualisierter Gewalt, und um die Aufkl\u00e4rung des Schicksals der immer noch mehr als 8000 Vermissten des Krieges in Bosnien.\u00bb

\u00a0

Lesen Sie auch den Blog von Steve Crawshaw,. Er war Anfang der 90er Jahre als Journalist f\u00fcr die britische Tageszeitung The Independent in Srebrenica und leitet\u00a0heute das B\u00fcro des Generalsekret\u00e4rs von Amnesty International am Hauptsitz in London (Blog in dt. \u00dcbersetzung).

Medienmitteilung, London/Bern 11. Juli 2015
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Angehörige der Opfer warten auf Gerechtigkeit und Wiedergutmachung

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