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Die Schweiz und China haben heute ihren bilateralen Menschenrechtsdialog wieder aufgenommen. Dieser war 2019 von China einseitig ausgesetzt worden, nachdem die Schweiz im Rahmen der UNO-Diskussionen ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber die Menschenrechtslage in China zum Ausdruck gebracht hatte. Die Schweizer Regierung hatte f\u00fcnf unabh\u00e4ngige Schweizer Menschenrechtsorganisationen sowie Vertreter*innen der uigurischen und tibetischen Gemeinschaften zu einem Austausch mit der chinesischen Delegation \u00fcber die Menschenrechte in China und der Schweiz eingeladen. Diese Einladung wurde nach einem offenbar chinesischen Veto zur\u00fcckgezogen.

\u00abWir bedauern die Weigerung Chinas, sich mit den f\u00fcnf Menschenrechtsgruppen im Rahmen des Dialogs zu treffen\u00bb, sagte Alexandra Karle, Gesch\u00e4ftsleiterin von Amnesty International Schweiz.

\u00abMit bilateralen Dialogen versucht sich China als \"konstruktiver Akteur\" in Sachen Menschenrechte zu positionieren. Aber mit der Weigerung, sich mit der unabh\u00e4ngigen Zivilgesellschaft zu treffen, hat die chinesische Regierung eine seltene Gelegenheit verpasst, auch schwierige Gespr\u00e4che \u00fcber Menschenrechte mit Akteuren zu f\u00fchren, die ihrer Bilanz kritisch gegen\u00fcberstehen\u00bb, sagte Raphael Viana David vom International Service for Human Rights.

\u00abBilaterale Menschenrechtsdialoge, sei es zwischen der Schweiz und China oder einer anderen Kombination von Staaten, sollten nie ein Selbstzweck sein. Ihr Wert muss an den konkreten Menschenrechtsfortschritten gemessen werden\u00bb, sagte Thomas B\u00fcchli von der Gesellschaft Schweizerisch-Tibetische Freundschaft (GSTF).

\u00abUm ein sinnvolles Engagement in k\u00fcnftigen Menschenrechtsdialogen zu gew\u00e4hrleisten, ist es entscheidend, dass die Schweiz deren Wirksamkeit unabh\u00e4ngig evaluieren l\u00e4sst und konkrete Fortschritte nachweist. Dazu sollten klare Benchmarks geh\u00f6ren, wie etwa eine Bewertung der Umsetzung der UNO-Empfehlungen zu den Menschenrechten in China.\u00bb, sagte Rizwana Ilham die Pr\u00e4sidentin des Uigurischen Vereins Schweiz.

\u00abDie Initiative der Schweizer Regierung, Vertreter*innen der Zivilgesellschaft einzubeziehen, ist ein positiver Schritt. Um die Meinungsfreiheit zu garantieren, sollten jedoch k\u00fcnftige Dialoge eine tats\u00e4chliche Beteiligung unabh\u00e4ngiger zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen voraussetzen\u00bb, sagt Selina Morell, Programmleiterin China bei der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr bedrohte V\u00f6lker (GfbV).

Hintergrund

Zum urspr\u00fcnglich geplanten Austausch im Rahmen des schweizerisch-chinesischen Menschenrechtsdialogs wurden folgende Organisationen eingeladen: Amnesty International, International Service for Human Rights, Gesellschaft f\u00fcr bedrohte V\u00f6lker (GfbV), Gesellschaft Schweizerisch-Tibetische Freundschaft (GSTF) und Uigurischer Verein Schweiz.

Jede Organisation h\u00e4tte die Gelegenheit genutzt, ihre eigenen vorrangigen Menschenrechts-fragen anzusprechen, die nur der jeweiligen Organisation zuzurechnen sind.

Forderungen\u00a0von Amnesty International

Die Zahlen der Todesurteile und der Exekutionen in China werden weiterhin als Staatsgeheimnis eingestuft, was eine unabh\u00e4ngige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung unm\u00f6glich macht. Die Todesstrafe wird in China nach wie vor f\u00fcr 46 verschiedene Straftaten verh\u00e4ngt, darunter auch f\u00fcr Straftaten, welche nach internationalem Recht und internationalen Standards nicht als \"schwerste Verbrechen\" eingestuft werden.
Seit der Verabschiedung des Nationalen Sicherheitsgesetzes (NSL) im Jahr 2020 hat sich die Respektierung des Rechts auf Versammlungsfreiheit in Hongkong deutlich verschlechtert. Die Beh\u00f6rden setzen zunehmend den aus der Kolonialzeit stammenden Straftatbestand der \"Aufwiegelung\" ein, um gegen friedlichen Aktivismus vorzugehen. Der Anwalt und Aktivist Chow Hang-tung ist unter dem NSL angeklagt, weil er friedlich an die Niederschlagung der Tiananmen-Proteste erinnert hat. Im Mai 2023 kam die UN-Arbeitsgruppe gegen willk\u00fcrliche Inhaftierung zu dem Schluss, dass Chows Inhaftierung willk\u00fcrlich ist und gegen den Internationalen Pakt \u00fcber b\u00fcrgerliche und politische Rechte verst\u00f6sst.
Der Raum f\u00fcr Menschenrechtsverteidiger*innen in China wurde weiterhin aktiv eingeschr\u00e4nkt. Die chinesischen Beh\u00f6rden haben in letzter Zeit ihr Vorgehen gegen die freie Meinungs\u00e4usserung versch\u00e4rft. Sowohl die Menschenrechtsanw\u00e4ltin Chang Weiping als auch die Frauenrechtlerin Li Qiaochu wurden inhaftiert, nachdem sie \u00fcber Folter durch die chinesischen Beh\u00f6rden berichtet hatten. Am 8. Juni 2023 wurde Chang Weiping nach einem Prozess unter Ausschluss der \u00d6ffentlichkeit wegen \"Untergrabung der Staatsgewalt\" zu drei Jahren und sechs Monaten Haft verurteilt.

Medienmitteilung 4. Juli 2023, Bern \u2013 Medienkontakt

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