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Nach heftigen Debatten hat die griechische Regierung am 6. Juni 2019 beschlossen, das Strafgesetzbuch doch zu \u00e4ndern: Damit wird nun gesetzlich anerkannt, dass Sex ohne Zustimmung Vergewaltigung ist.\u00a0

Eirini Gaitanou, Campaignerin von Amnesty International Griechenland, dazu: \u00abDies ist ein historischer Sieg, nicht nur f\u00fcr die Engagierten, die lange und hart f\u00fcr diesen Tag gek\u00e4mpft haben, sondern f\u00fcr alle Frauen in Griechenland. Dieses neu ge\u00e4nderte Gesetz erkennt endlich die einfache Wahrheit an, dass Sex ohne Zustimmung eine Vergewaltigung ist, und macht deutlich, dass k\u00f6rperliche Gewalt nicht erforderlich ist, damit das Verbrechen als Vergewaltigung angesehen werden kann.\u00bb \u00a0Gaitanou weiter: \u00abEs ist jetzt an der Zeit, dass allen Beteiligten im Strafrechtssystem klare Leitlinien gegeben werden, wie diese Gesetzes\u00e4nderung umgesetzt werden muss, um es \u00dcberlebenden von sexueller Gewalt zu erleichtern, Gerechtigkeit zu erlangen.\u00bb

\u00abLeider ist Griechenland bisher erst das 9 neunte Land in Europa, das anerkennt, dass Sex ohne Zustimmung Vergewaltigung ist. Der heutige Entscheid der Regierung zeigt jedoch, dass Ver\u00e4nderungen m\u00f6glich sind. Er wird allen, die sich in anderen europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern ebenfalls f\u00fcr ein auf Konsens basiertes Gesetz engagieren, Mut machen.\u00bb

Hintergrund

Die Istanbul Konvention, die Griechenland vor fast genau einem Jahr am 18. Juni 2018 ratifiziert hat, besagt dass Vergewaltigungen und alle anderen sexuellen Handlungen ohne Einwilligung als Straftaten einzustufen sind.

Gesetze oder auch die juristische Praxis, die davon ausgehen, dass ein Opfer seine Zustimmung gab, wenn es sich k\u00f6rperlich nicht gewehrt hat, sind \u00e4usserst problematisch. Gem\u00e4ss ExpertInnen kommt es n\u00e4mlich h\u00e4ufig zu einer \u00abunfreiwilligen L\u00e4hmung\u00bb oder \u00abSchockstarre\u00bb als physiologische und psychologische Reaktion auf sexuelle \u00dcbergriffe, womit ein Widerstand gegen den \u00dcbergriff nicht mehr m\u00f6glich ist . Diese bisherige Konzentration auf Widerstand und Gewalt statt auf Zustimmung wirkte sich nicht nur auf die Anzeigebereitschaft von Vergewaltigungen aus, sondern auch auf ein breiteres Bewusstsein f\u00fcr sexuelle Gewalt. Beides sind Schl\u00fcsselaspekte bei der Verh\u00fctung von Vergewaltigungen und bei der Bek\u00e4mpfung von Straflosigkeit.

Gesetzes\u00e4nderungen allein werden nicht bewirken, dass es keine Vergewaltigungen mehr gibt. Aber es ist ein entscheidender Schritt auf dem Weg, Gerechtigkeit f\u00fcr Betroffene von sexueller Gewalt zu erm\u00f6glichen.

Die griechische Regierung hat k\u00fcrzlich eine \u00f6ffentliche Konsultation zur rechtlichen Definition von Vergewaltigung durchgef\u00fchrt. Amnesty International legte eine Analyse vor und forderte die Regierung auf, Artikel 336 zu \u00e4ndern, um sicherzustellen, dass Vergewaltigung auf fehlender Zustimmung beruht.

Kampagne gegen sexuelle Gewalt in der Schweiz

Auch in der Schweiz ist die Anpassung des Sexualstrafrechts notwendig, da dieses ebenfalls davon ausgeht, dass f\u00fcr eine Vergewaltigung eine Form der N\u00f6tigung oder Gewalt vorausgesetzt werden muss. Ausserdem hat auch die Schweiz die Istanbul Konvention ratifiziert. Die Schweizer Sektion von Amnesty International f\u00fchrt gegenw\u00e4rtig eine Kampagne gegen sexuelle Gewalt und lancierte hierzu u.a. eine Petition, welche Anpassungen im Strafrecht verlangt. Mehr zur Amnesty-Kampagne und zur Petition.

7. Juni 2019

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Sexuelle Gewalt: Neues Gesetz zu Vergewaltigung

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