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Der Kampf um Land steht seit Jahrzehnten im Zentrum des bewaffneten Konfliktes in Kolumbien: Fast 6 Millionen Menschen sind von insgesamt 8 Millionen Hektar Land vertrieben worden. Die laufenden Friedensverhandlungen in Havanna bergen die Chance, den Beraubten ihr Land zur\u00fcckzugeben und die Vertriebenen angemessen zu entsch\u00e4digen. Zu diesem Zweck unterzeichnete die Regierung 2011 das Opfer- und Landr\u00fcckgabegesetz, welches vorsieht das rechtswidrig angeeignete Land innert zehn Jahren zur\u00fcckzugeben.

Mangelnder politischer Wille und wirtschaftliche Interessenskonflikte

\u00abDas Landr\u00fcckgabegesetz weist viele L\u00fccken auf und droht an seinen unrealistischen Zielen zu scheitern. Die Regierung hat sich f\u00fcr den R\u00fcckgabeprozess 10 Jahre Zeit gegeben. Bis jetzt wurden jedoch lediglich 30\u2018000 Hektar zur\u00fcckgegeben. Wie soll in den verbleibenden sieben Jahren die R\u00fcckgabe von \u00fcber 7 Millionen Hektar bew\u00e4ltigt werden? Es mangelt an politischem Willen, den Prozess voranzutreiben\u00bb stellt Claudia Erazo, Direktorin der Corporaci\u00f3n Juridica Yira Castro, fest. Die Anw\u00e4ltin vertritt seit \u00fcber 10 Jahren Opfer von Zwangsvertreibungen, darunter auch die Gemeinschaft ASOMUPROCA, der Belinda M\u00e1rquez angeh\u00f6rt. Die B\u00e4uerin ist Teil eines Kollektivs von 62 Frauen, die mit Hinrichtungen und Drohungen von bewaffneten Gruppen vor gut 15 Jahren von ihrem Land vertrieben wurden. Die Frauen haben versucht, vom Staat als vertriebene Gemeinschaft anerkannt zu werden, um so ihr Recht auf das verlorene Land geltend zu machen. Bisher waren ihre Bem\u00fchungen jedoch vergeblich. Dies mag mitunter dem Umstand geschuldet sein, dass sich unterdessen wirtschaftliche Interessen \u2013 in Form eines Palm\u00f6lplantagenbesitzers \u2013 auf dem Land durchgesetzt haben.

Wie die Schweiz den R\u00fcckgabeprozess unterst\u00fctzen kann

Von der Schweiz, welche den Friedensprozess schon seit vielen Jahren unterst\u00fctzt und mit Kolumbien auch wirtschaftlich eng verbunden ist \u2013 seit 2011 besteht ein Freihandelsabkommen \u2013 erhoffen sich die Besucherinnen konkrete Hilfestellungen: \u00abViele Unzul\u00e4nglichkeiten bei der Umsetzung des Landr\u00fcckgabegesetzes sind auf die mangelhafte Koordination zwischen den verschiedenen \u00c4mtern zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Die Schweiz k\u00f6nnte uns zum Beispiel auf institutioneller Ebene unterst\u00fctzen\u00bb f\u00fchrt Claudia Erazo aus. Ebenso wichtig ist das Mittragen und St\u00e4rken des Friedensprozesses, da es in einem befriedeten Land einfacher sein wird, die R\u00fcckgabe von geraubtem Land sicher zu stellen. Lisa Salza, Koordinatorin f\u00fcr Lateinamerika bei der Schweizer Sektion von Amnesty International sieht noch eine weitere M\u00f6glichkeit: \u00abDie Schweizer Botschaften verf\u00fcgen seit letztem Jahr \u00fcber Richtlinien zum Schutz von MenschenrechtsverteidigerInnen. Diese k\u00f6nnten angewendet werden, um Menschen zu sch\u00fctzen, die bei der R\u00fcckkehr auf ihr Land bedroht werden oder die sich f\u00fcr eine Beilegung des Landkonfliktes engagieren.\u00bb

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«Wir wollen unser Land zurück!» – Landraub und Landrückgabe in Kolumbien

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