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Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Migrantinnen und Migranten werden in Kroatien systematisch von Grenzsch\u00fctzern misshandelt, ausgeraubt und abgeschoben.
Trotz solcher haarstr\u00e4ubenden Methoden an der Grenze unterst\u00fctzt die Europ\u00e4ische Union Kroatien finanziell bei der Grenzsicherung.
NGOs und ehrenamtliche HelferInnen, die Fl\u00fcchtlinge unterst\u00fctzen wollen, werden eingesch\u00fcchtert.
Die EU muss Verantwortung \u00fcbernehmen und daf\u00fcr Sorge tragen, dass internationales Recht eingehalten und eine humanit\u00e4re Krise verhindert wird.

Der Amnesty-Bericht \u00abPushed to the edge: Violence and abuse against refugees and migrants along Balkan Route\u00bb dokumentiert, wie europ\u00e4ische Regierungen die gewaltt\u00e4tigen \u00dcbergriffe der kroatischen Polizei nicht nur ignorieren, sondern sie durch Finanzhilfen sogar unterst\u00fctzen. Die Sicherung der Grenzen wird h\u00f6her gewichtet als das V\u00f6lkerrecht. Dadurch tr\u00e4gt die Europ\u00e4ische Union (EU) zu einer humanit\u00e4ren Krise an ihrer Aussengrenze aktiv bei.

\u00abDie finanziellen Mittel, die f\u00fcr humanit\u00e4re Hilfe bereitgestellt werden, sind nichts im Vergleich zu den Geldern, die in den Grenzschutz fliessen.\u00bb Cyrielle Huguenot, verantwortlich f\u00fcr Migration bei Amnesty Schweiz

\u00abUm die Priorit\u00e4ten der europ\u00e4ischen Regierungen zu verstehen, muss man nur der Spur des Geldes folgen. Die finanziellen Mittel, die f\u00fcr humanit\u00e4re Hilfe bereitgestellt werden, sind nichts im Vergleich zu den Geldern, die in den Grenzschutz fliessen, zum Beispiel in Ausr\u00fcstung f\u00fcr die kroatische Grenzpolizei und sogar in deren Geh\u00e4lter\u00bb, so Cyrielle Huguenot, verantwortlich f\u00fcr Migration bei Amnesty Schweiz.

\u00abMenschen, die vor Krieg und Verfolgung fliehen, werden von der kroatischen Polizei verpr\u00fcgelt, beraubt und nach Bosnien und Herzegowina zur\u00fcckgeschickt, wo sie sich aufgrund des nicht funktionierenden Asylsystems in einem rechtlichen Schwebezustand wiederfinden\u00bb.

Prek\u00e4re Verh\u00e4ltnisse

Derzeit sitzen etwa 5500 Frauen, M\u00e4nner und Kinder in den kleinen bosnischen St\u00e4dten Biha\u0107 und Velika Kladu\u0161a an der Grenze zu Kroatien fest, wo sie in verlassenen Fabrikgeb\u00e4uden leben und ohne jede Grundversorgung zurechtkommen m\u00fcssen. Bosnien und Herzegowina kann ihnen weder den n\u00f6tigen Schutz noch angemessene Lebensbedingungen bieten. Die provisorischen Lager sind unhygienisch, warmes Wasser, medizinische Versorgung und Lebensmittel sind Mangelware.\u00a0

B\u00fcrokratische H\u00fcrden, unzureichende Rechtshilfe und eingeschr\u00e4nkte Verwaltungskapazit\u00e4ten f\u00fchren dazu, dass die Menschen kaum eine Chance haben, in Bosnien und Herzegowina ein Asylverfahren zu durchlaufen. Die meisten von ihnen versuchen, in andere europ\u00e4ische L\u00e4nder zu gelangen, doch die Reise ist beschwerlich.

Lebensgef\u00e4hrliche Routen

Wer zuvor \u00fcber Griechenland und Bulgarien in die EU eingereist war und von dem dortigen Asylsystem im Stich gelassen wurde, verl\u00e4sst die EU wieder und reist durch die Balkanstaaten weiter. Um nach Slowenien oder Italien zu gelangen, wo der EU-Schengenraum beginnt, m\u00fcssen zun\u00e4chst die dichten W\u00e4lder Kroatiens durchquert, Fl\u00fcsse \u00fcberwunden und an manchen Orten sogar Minenfelder \u00fcberquert werden.

Von Januar bis Oktober 2018 ertranken mindestens zw\u00f6lf Personen, zumeist bei dem Versuch, die Grenze zwischen Kroatien und Slowenien zu \u00fcberqueren.

Von Januar bis Oktober 2018 ertranken in den westlichen Balkanstaaten mindestens zw\u00f6lf Personen, zumeist bei dem Versuch, die Grenze zwischen Kroatien und Slowenien zu \u00fcberqueren. Viele weitere Menschen starben auf andere Weise.

Fast alle Personen, die sich in einem der Lager in Biha\u0107 oder Velika Kladu\u0161a befanden und mit denen Amnesty International gesprochen hat, waren aus Kroatien oder Slowenien nach Bosnien und Herzegowina zur\u00fcckgeschoben worden. Beinahe ein Drittel gab an, die kroatische Polizei habe Gewalt angewendet. Viele von ihnen sagten, man habe sie geschlagen, ihre Unterlagen zerst\u00f6rt und ihnen ihr Hab und Gut abgenommen. Dies scheint eine systematische Strategie der kroatischen Beh\u00f6rden zu sein, um von zuk\u00fcnftigen Einreiseversuchen abzuschrecken.

HelferInnen und NGOs eingesch\u00fcchtert

Mit zunehmenden Vorw\u00fcrfen \u00fcber gewaltsame Push-Backs haben die kroatischen Beh\u00f6rden vermehrt Anstrengungen unternommen, die \u00f6ffentliche Pr\u00fcfung der Migrationspraxis des Landes zu verhindern. \u00d6ffentliche Einrichtungen in Kroatien, die versuchen, den Umgang mit Fl\u00fcchtlingen und MigrantIinnen an der Grenze zu beobachten, werden abgewiesen und Organisationen, die sich f\u00fcr die Rechte von Fl\u00fcchtlingen und MigrantIinnen einsetzen, werden von den Beh\u00f6rden ins Visier genommen.

Ehrenamtliche HelferIinnen von Nichtregierungs-organisationen wurden drangsaliert und ohne Anklage stundenlang bei der Polizei festgehalten.

Zahlreiche ehrenamtliche HelferIinnen von Nichtregierungsorganisationen sind drangsaliert und ohne Anklage stundenlang bei der Polizei festgehalten worden, wo man ihnen mit Strafverfolgung drohte. Das Innenministerium hat sogar einigen NGOs vorgeworfen, Menschen dabei zu helfen, ohne offizielle Erlaubnis nach Kroatien einzureisen. All dies wirkt abschreckend auf alle, die in der Fl\u00fcchtlingshilfe arbeiten.

Trotz dieser haarstr\u00e4ubenden Methoden an der Grenze stellt die Europ\u00e4ische Union nach wie vor stattliche Summen bereit, um Kroatien bei der Grenzsicherheitsinfrastruktur zu unterst\u00fctzen. Dar\u00fcber hinaus verschliesst die EU weiterhin mutwillig die Augen vor den Defiziten des europ\u00e4ischen Asylsystems, die diese Migrationsstr\u00f6me erst n\u00f6tig machen.

\u00abMit steigenden Temperaturen und schmelzendem Schnee wird die Zahl der Menschen, die Kroatien zu durchqueren versuchen, wieder ansteigen. Doch da Bosnien und Herzegowina nicht angemessen ausgestattet ist, um noch mehr schutzsuchende Personen unterzubringen, muss jetzt dringend gehandelt werden, um eine humanit\u00e4re Krise an den Aussengrenzen der EU zu verhindern\u00bb, so Cyrielle Huguenot.

\u00abDie europ\u00e4ischen Staats- und Regierungschefs k\u00f6nnen sich nicht l\u00e4nger von der Verantwortung dr\u00fccken, die sie f\u00fcr die Kollektivabschiebungen und gewaltsamen Push-Backs entlang der Balkanroute tragen. Diese Methoden sind ein direktes Resultat einer Politik der Abschottung der EU-Aussengrenzen um jeden Preis, egal welchen Tribut dies von den Menschen fordert\u00bb.

Hintergrund

Die Migrationsroute durch Bosnien und Kroatien wird immer h\u00e4ufiger begangen, seit Ungarn entlang seiner Grenzen Z\u00e4une aufgestellt und damit begonnen hat, Menschen gewaltsam zur\u00fcckzuschieben. Dies hat dazu gef\u00fchrt, dass Serbien und Ungarn f\u00fcr Fl\u00fcchtlinge und MigrantIinnen zunehmend unpassierbar geworden sind.

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