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Der Bericht \u00abWe Will Destroy Everything: Military Responsibility for Crimes against Humanity in Rakhine State, Myanmar\u00bb\u00a0(PDF, 186 Seiten)\u00a0fordert, dass die Situation in Myanmar dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof (ICC) vorgelegt wird.

\u00abDie Verbrechen, die von den Sicherheitskr\u00e4ften im n\u00f6rdlichen Gliedstaat Rakhine ver\u00fcbt wurden \u2013 einschliesslich Mord, Vergewaltigung, Folter, dem Niederbrennen und Aushungern ganzer D\u00f6rfer \u2013 war nicht die Aktion einzelner, fehlgeleiteter Einheiten. Es gibt \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigende Beweise, dass es sich um einen minuti\u00f6s geplanten, systematischen Angriff auf das Volk der Rohingya handelte\u00bb, sagte Matthew Wells, Senior Crisis Advisor bei Amnesty International.

Umfassende Beweise

\u00abDiejenigen mit Blut an den H\u00e4nden \u2013 bis hin zum Oberkommandanten der Streitkr\u00e4fte Min Aung Hlaing \u2013 m\u00fcssen f\u00fcr ihre Rolle bei der \u00dcberwachung oder Durchf\u00fchrung von Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit und anderen schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen gem\u00e4ss dem V\u00f6lkerrecht zur Verantwortung gezogen werden\u00bb. Neben Min Aung Hlaing nennt Amnesty International neun Untergebene in den Tatmadaw \u2013 den Streitkr\u00e4ften Myanmars \u2013 und drei in der Grenzschutzpolizei (BGP) mit Rang und Namen.

Der Untersuchung liegt eine neunmonatige, intensive Recherche zugrunde, unter anderem in Myanmar und Bangladesch. Es ist der bisher umfassendste Bericht von Amnesty International dar\u00fcber, wie das Milit\u00e4r in Myanmar am 25. August 2017 eine koordinierte Operation gegen das Volk der Rohingya startete.

Mehr als 702\u2019000 Frauen, M\u00e4nner und Kinder \u2013 \u00fcber 80 Prozent der Bev\u00f6lkerung im n\u00f6rdlichen Teil des Gliedstaates Rakhine \u2013 wurden in der Folge nach Bangladesch vertrieben. Der neue Bericht geht in ersch\u00fctternden Details auf die Verbrechen ein, die bei den \u00abR\u00e4umungsoperationen\u00bb des Milit\u00e4rs erfolgten. Grundlage sind mehr als 400 Interviews und eine Vielzahl von Beweismitteln, darunter Satellitenbilder, verifizierte Fotos und Videos sowie forensische Auswertungen und Waffenanalysen.

Der Bericht enth\u00e4lt auch die bisher detailliertesten Informationen \u00fcber Gewaltakte der Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) vor Beginn der Vergeltungskampagne des Milit\u00e4rs. Dazu geh\u00f6ren T\u00f6tungen von Menschen aus verschiedenen ethnischen und religi\u00f6sen Gemeinschaften sowie gezielte T\u00f6tungen und Entf\u00fchrungen von mutmasslichen Informanten durch die Aufst\u00e4ndischen.

\u00a0

Neun von elf Arten von Verbrechen gem\u00e4ss R\u00f6mer Statut

Amnesty International hat die spezifischen milit\u00e4rischen Divisionen oder Bataillone, die an vielen der schlimmsten Gr\u00e4ueltaten beteiligt waren, identifiziert. Sie ver\u00fcbten mutmasslich neun von elf Arten von Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit gem\u00e4ss R\u00f6mer Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs.

Amnesty International pr\u00fcfte vertrauliche Dokumente \u00fcber das Milit\u00e4r Myanmars, aus denen hervorgeht, dass w\u00e4hrend milit\u00e4rischer Operationen wie im n\u00f6rdlichen Rakhine-Staat die Streitkr\u00e4fte vor Ort normalerweise unter der strengen Kontrolle hoher Befehlshaber operieren. Kampfverb\u00e4nde \u2013 welche die \u00fcberwiegende Mehrheit der Verbrechen gegen die Rohingya begangen haben \u2013 haben strenge Berichtspflichten bez\u00fcglich Bewegungen, Eins\u00e4tzen und Waffengebrauch, die ihre Kommandanten kannten oder h\u00e4tten kennen m\u00fcssen.

Dar\u00fcber hinaus reisten f\u00fchrende Milit\u00e4rkommandanten, darunter Min Aung Hlaing pers\u00f6nlich, direkt vor oder w\u00e4hrend der ethnischen S\u00e4uberungskampagne in den n\u00f6rdlichen Bundesstaat Rakhine, um Teile der Operation zu \u00fcberwachen. Hochrangige Milit\u00e4rbeamte wussten \u2013 oder h\u00e4tten es wissen m\u00fcssen \u2013, dass Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit begangen wurden, nutzten jedoch ihre Befehlsgewalt nicht, um diese Verbrechen zu verhindern, zu stoppen oder zu bestrafen. Ausserdem gibt es gen\u00fcgend Beweise, um eine Untersuchung dar\u00fcber zu verlangen, ob einige oder alle der Verd\u00e4chtigten direkt an der Planung, Anordnung oder Begehung von Mord, Vergewaltigung, Folter und dem Niederbrennen von D\u00f6rfern beteiligt waren.

Straflosigkeit muss ein Ende haben

Angesichts des wachsenden internationalen Drucks k\u00fcndigten die Beh\u00f6rden Myanmars im vergangenen Monat die Einsetzung einer \u00abunabh\u00e4ngigen Untersuchungskommission\u00bb an, um Vorw\u00fcrfe von Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu untersuchen. Fr\u00fchere Ermittlungen der Regierung und des Milit\u00e4rs dienten nur dazu, milit\u00e4rische Gr\u00e4ueltaten zu besch\u00f6nigen.

\u00abDie internationale Gemeinschaft sollte sich von diesem j\u00fcngsten Versuch, die T\u00e4ter zu sch\u00fctzen, nicht t\u00e4uschen lassen. Stattdessen muss sie endlich den Jahren der Straflosigkeit ein Ende setzen und daf\u00fcr sorgen, dass sich dieses dunkle Kapitel in Myanmars j\u00fcngster Geschichte nie wiederholt\u00bb, sagte Matthew Wells.

\u00abDer Uno-Sicherheitsrat muss die Situation in Myanmar dringend an den Internationalen Strafgerichtshof verweisen, ein umfassendes Waffenembargo gegen Myanmar verh\u00e4ngen und gezielte finanzielle Sanktionen gegen hohe Beamte verh\u00e4ngen, die f\u00fcr schwere Verletzungen und Verbrechen verantwortlich sind. Die internationale Gemeinschaft sollte zudem den Uno-Menschenrechtsrat nutzen, um einen Mechanismus zur Sammlung und Aufbewahrung von Beweismitteln f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Strafverfahren zu schaffen\u00bb.

Medienmitteilung 27. Juni 2018, London/Bern \u2013 Medienkontakt

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Verbrechen gegen Rohingya: Amnesty belastet Militärspitze

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