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Der Amnesty-Bericht \u00abTargeted by hatred, forgotten by law\u00bb zeigt auf, wie der Staat ganze Gemeinschaften aus der Gesetzgebung gegen Hassverbrechen ausschliesst, zum Beispiel Obdachlose, Behinderte oder LGBTI-Menschen.

\u00abDas polnische Rechtssystem misst Straftaten gegen Minderheiten mit zweierlei Ellen: Bestimmte Minderheiten werden gesetzlich speziell gesch\u00fctzt, andere aber aussen vorgelassen\u00bb, kritisiert Stella Jegher von Amnesty International Schweiz: \u00abWenn jemand schwul oder lesbisch, obdachlos oder behindert ist und genau deswegen t\u00e4tlich oder verbal angegriffen wird, behandelt die Polizei den Fall als ganz normales Verbrechen und nicht als Hassverbrechen. Diese Gesetzesl\u00fccke hat f\u00fcr viele Menschen fatale Folgen und muss geschlossen werden\u00bb.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0

Die Diskriminierung von Mitgliedern der LGBTI-Gemeinschaft in Polen ist im ganzen Land weit verbreitet und tief verwurzelt. Es gibt zwar keine offiziellen Statistiken, aber eine der wichtigsten LGBTI-Organisationen in Polen, die \u00abCampaign against Homophobia\u00bb hat allein in 2014 mindestens 120 homophobe oder transphobe Hassverbrechen registriert. Die Dunkelziffer ist vermutlich deutlich h\u00f6her.

Zu Tode gepr\u00fcgelt und ertr\u00e4nkt

Mitglieder der LGBTI-Community in Stettin berichten zum Beispiel, dass sie in st\u00e4ndiger Angst leben, seit ein 20-j\u00e4hriger schwuler Mann zu Tode gepr\u00fcgelt wurde, als er im Januar 2014 einen Schwulenclub verliess. Seine Leiche wurde mit heruntergezogener Hose auf einer nahegelegenen Baustelle gefunden, sein Gesicht wies zahlreiche Bluterg\u00fcsse auf. M\u00f6glicherweise starb er am Schluss auch daran, dass sein Gesicht mehrfach in eine Pf\u00fctze gepresst wurde.

Die Beh\u00f6rden liessen ausser Acht, dass dieses Verbrechen vermutlich aus Schwulenhass ver\u00fcbt wurde, und das Gericht behandelte den Fall wie ein jedes andere Verbrechen, als es die zwei Schuldigen verurteilte.

Im Mai 2015 wurde der Strassenk\u00fcnstler und Anti-Nazi-Aktivist Darius in der schlesischen Stadt Seipusch vor einer seiner Malereien, die einen Regenbogen zeigte, getreten, bespuckt und beschimpft. In dem Protokoll der Beh\u00f6rden stand hinterher lediglich, es habe sich um einen gemeinen Angriff gehandelt. Das homophobe Motiv des Angreifers wurde nicht erw\u00e4hnt.

Gewalt gegen Obdachlose

In Polen wurden in den vergangenen Jahren auch viele Obdachlose verpr\u00fcgelt oder gar angez\u00fcndet. Obwohl klar ersichtlich war, dass diese Angriffe allein deshalb geschahen, weil die Opfer arm waren und auf der Strasse lebten, wurden auch diese Vorf\u00e4lle wie gew\u00f6hnliche Verbrechen verfolgt.

\u00abPolen hat bereits Einiges getan, um Hassverbrechen wegen Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit zu verurteilen. Es gibt keinen Grund,, warum Gewalt gegen andere Minderheiten, die dieselben \u00c4ngste ausstehen und denselben Angriffen ausgesetzt sind, nicht mit derselben Priorit\u00e4t bek\u00e4mpft und bestraft wird\u00bb, sagt Stella Jegher.

\u00abPolen ist v\u00f6lkerrechtlich verpflichtet, alle Minderheiten gleichermassen vor Diskriminierung zu sch\u00fctzen\u00bb, so Jegher weiter. \u00abDie Tatsache, dass die Beh\u00f6rden das nicht tun, ist in sich schon eine Diskriminierung.\u00bb

Amnesty International fordert die polnische Regierung auf, diese Gesetzesl\u00fccke zu schliessen. Es m\u00fcssen zudem institutionelle Mechanismen geschaffen werden \u2013 wie speziell geschulte Strafverfolger und Spezialabteilungen der Polizei \u2013, die f\u00fcr hassmotivierte Angriffe gegen k\u00f6rperlich oder geistig Beeintr\u00e4chtigtesozial Schwache\u00a0 oder gegen Menschen aufgrund ihrer sexuellen Orientierung oder Geschlechtsidentit\u00e4t oder zust\u00e4ndig sind. Die Politik muss daf\u00fcr Sorge tragen, dass solche Hassverbrechen verhindert, alle bekannten F\u00e4lle untersucht und die Verantwortlichen zur Rechenschaft gezogen werden. Ausserdem m\u00fcssen die Vorf\u00e4lle von staatlicher Seite statistisch erfasst werden, um das Ausmass des Problems zu erkennen.

Gescheiterte Reformversuche

Bisherige Versuche, das Strafrecht diesbez\u00fcglich zu reformieren, wie zuletzt 2012, sind am heftigen Widerstand einiger Teile der Bev\u00f6lkerung gescheitert. Ein Mitglied des Parlaments bezeichnete den Reformversuch sogar als Versuch eine kranke Gender-Ideologie zu etablieren, die sexuelle Abnormalit\u00e4ten f\u00f6rdert\u00bb.

Vor den Wahlen am 25. Oktober werden solche verbalen Attacken wohl eher zunehmen. Die kommende Regierung und das dann neu gew\u00e4hlte Parlament m\u00fcssen dem Thema Menschenrechte, auch dem Schutz vor Diskriminierung, oberste Priorit\u00e4t einr\u00e4umen.\u00a0

17. September 2015

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Polen lässt Opfer von Hassverbrechen im Stich

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