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Eine neue Untersuchung von Amnesty International zeigt: In gepanzerten Mannschaftstransportern aus den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten, die von den Rapid Support Forces (RSF) im Sudankonflikt eingesetzt werden, steckt Milit\u00e4rtechnologie aus franz\u00f6sischer Produktion.

Bereits in einem im Juli ver\u00f6ffentlichten Briefing wies Amnesty International darauf hin, dass in verschiedenen Teilen des Sudans gepanzerte Mannschaftstransporter zum Einsatz kamen, die in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten (VAE) hergestellt wurden. Die neusten Untersuchungen haben nun ergeben, dass diese Transporter mit hochentwickelten, in Frankreich entwickelten und hergestellten reaktiven Abwehrsystemen ausgestattet sind.

Die Nimr-Ajban-Mannschaftstransporter werden in den VAE vom R\u00fcstungskonzern Edge Group hergestellt und sind mit dem franz\u00f6sischen Galix-System ausgestattet. Auf Bildern, die in sozialen Medien geteilt und von Amnesty International \u00fcberpr\u00fcft wurden, ist das Galix-System auf mehreren von den sudanesischen Streitkr\u00e4ften (SAF) zerst\u00f6rten oder erbeuteten Nimr-Ajban-Mannschaftstransportern zu sehen.

Das Galix-System, das von Lacroix Defense hergestellt und gemeinsam mit dem franz\u00f6sischen R\u00fcstungskonzern Nexter (jetzt KNDS France) entwickelt wurde, ist ein Abwehrsystem f\u00fcr Landstreitkr\u00e4fte, das T\u00e4uschk\u00f6rper, Rauch und Geschosse abwirft, um Bedrohungen aus n\u00e4chster N\u00e4he abzuwehren. Lacroix Defense wirbt damit, dass das Galix-System \u00abKampffahrzeuge vor einer herannahenden Bedrohung verbirgt und die Fahrzeuge, Kampfpanzer und Mannschaftstransporter sch\u00fctzt\u00bb.

\u00abJeder Einsatz in Darfur w\u00e4re ein klarer Verstoss gegen das Uno-Waffenembargo.\u00bb Agn\u00e8s Callamard, Generalsekret\u00e4rin von Amnesty International

\u00abUnsere Recherchen zeigen, dass in Frankreich entwickelte und hergestellte Waffen auf dem Schlachtfeld im Sudan aktiv eingesetzt werden\u00bb, sagte Agn\u00e8s Callamard, Generalsekret\u00e4rin von Amnesty International. \u00abJeder Einsatz in Darfur w\u00e4re ein klarer Verstoss gegen das Uno-Waffenembargo. Die franz\u00f6sische Regierung muss daf\u00fcr sorgen, dass Lacroix Defense und KNDS France die Lieferung dieses Systems an die VAE sofort einstellen.\u00bb

\u00abAmnesty International hat bereits aufgezeigt, wie der st\u00e4ndige Zustrom von Waffen in den Sudan unermessliches menschliches Leid verursacht. Alle L\u00e4nder m\u00fcssen sofort alle direkten und indirekten Lieferungen von Waffen und Munition an die Kriegsparteien im Sudan einstellen. Sie m\u00fcssen das vom Uno-Sicherheitsrat verh\u00e4ngte Waffenembargo f\u00fcr Darfur respektieren und durchsetzen, bevor noch mehr zivile Opfer zu beklagen sind\u00bb, sagt Agn\u00e8s Callamard.

Amnesty International wandte sich am 15. Oktober 2024 an Lacroix Defense, KNDS France und das Generalsekretariat f\u00fcr nationale Verteidigung und Sicherheit in Frankreich und wies auf die Identifizierung des Galix-Systems im Sudan hin. Zum Zeitpunkt der Ver\u00f6ffentlichung lag noch keine Antwort vor.

Sorgfaltspflicht muss eingehalten werden

Die VAE und Frankreich haben eine langj\u00e4hrige Partnerschaft im Verteidigungssektor. Aus dem Bericht des franz\u00f6sischen Parlaments \u00fcber Waffenexporte 2024 geht hervor, dass franz\u00f6sische Unternehmen zwischen 2014 und 2023 R\u00fcstungsg\u00fcter im Wert von sch\u00e4tzungsweise 2,6 Mrd. Euro in die VAE geliefert haben.

Lacroix Defense ist in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten etabliert und hat bereits 2015 ein Joint Venture mit Emirates Defense Technology gegr\u00fcndet, um \u00abeines der ersten franz\u00f6sischen Unternehmen mittlerer Gr\u00f6sse zu sein, das sich in den VAE niedergelassen hat\u00bb. Nimr-Ajban-Mannschaftstransporter sind seit mindestens 2017 mit dem Galix-System ausgestattet.

Die Europ\u00e4ische Union hat seit 1994 ein Waffenembargo gegen den gesamten Sudan verh\u00e4ngt. Das Embargo verbietet den Verkauf, die Lieferung, die Weitergabe oder die Ausfuhr von R\u00fcstungsg\u00fctern und zugeh\u00f6rigen G\u00fctern aller Art, einschliesslich Waffen und Munition, Milit\u00e4rfahrzeugen und -ausr\u00fcstung, paramilit\u00e4rischer Ausr\u00fcstung und Ersatzteilen an den Sudan.

Alle Unternehmen, einschliesslich Lacroix Defense und KNDS France, haben die Verantwortung, die Menschenrechte zu achten.

Frankreich ist durch internationales, regionales und nationales Recht verpflichtet, die Ausfuhr von Waffen zu verbieten, wenn ein erhebliches Risiko besteht, dass die Waffen zur Begehung oder Erleichterung einer schwerwiegenden Verletzung der internationalen Menschenrechte oder des humanit\u00e4ren V\u00f6lkerrechts verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten. Wenn Frankreich nicht durch Ausfuhrkontrollen garantieren kann, dass die Waffen nicht in den Sudan exportiert werden, sollte es diese Transfers nicht genehmigen. Die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate verstossen seit langem gegen Waffenembargos des Uno-Sicherheitsrates, auch in anderen L\u00e4ndern wie Libyen.

Alle Unternehmen, einschliesslich Lacroix Defense und KNDS France, haben die Verantwortung, die Menschenrechte zu achten. Die Unternehmen sind verpflichtet, entlang ihrer gesamten Wertsch\u00f6pfungskette \u2013 vom Ursprungsort bis zu den Endverbraucher*innen \u2013 eine Sorgfaltspr\u00fcfung der Menschenrechte durchf\u00fchren, um jede tats\u00e4chliche oder potenzielle Verwicklung in Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu erkennen, zu verhindern und abzumildern. Der Standard der geforderten menschenrechtlichen Sorgfaltspflicht ist versch\u00e4rft, wenn es um Gesch\u00e4ftst\u00e4tigkeiten geht, die sich auf Konfliktgebiete auswirken.

Amnesty International fordert, dass der Uno-Sicherheitsrat sein Waffenembargo gegen Darfur auf den \u00fcbrigen Sudan ausweitet und seine Durchf\u00fchrungs-, \u00dcberwachungs- und \u00dcberpr\u00fcfungsmechanismen verst\u00e4rkt.

Zu den Hintergr\u00fcnden

Der anhaltende bewaffnete Konflikt im Sudan, bei dem die sudanesischen Streitkr\u00e4fte (SAF) gegen die Rapid Support Forces (RSF), eine paramilit\u00e4rische Truppe der Regierung, k\u00e4mpfen, brach am 15. April 2023 aus. Die K\u00e4mpfe folgten auf monatelange Spannungen unter anderem wegen Meinungsverschiedenheiten \u00fcber eine m\u00f6gliche Reform der Sicherheitskr\u00e4fte, die im Rahmen der Verhandlungen \u00fcber eine neue \u00dcbergangsregierung vorgeschlagen wurde.

Der Konflikt hat zu massenhaftem Leid unter der Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung und zu grossfl\u00e4chigen Zerst\u00f6rungen gef\u00fchrt. Mehr als 23\u2019000 Menschen wurden get\u00f6tet, mehr als 33\u2019000 wurden verletzt.

Am 15. April 2024, dem ersten Jahrestag der j\u00fcngsten Konflikteskalation, hat Amnesty International eine weltweite Petition gestartet, in der der Uno-Sicherheitsrat aufgefordert wird, das bestehende Waffenembargo \u00fcber Darfur hinaus auf den Rest des Sudan auszuweiten. Diese Petition ist Teil einer umfassenderen Kampagne von Amnesty International, die sich f\u00fcr den Schutz der Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung im Sudan einsetzt und die Rechenschaftspflicht derjenigen fordert, die Gr\u00e4ueltaten an der Zivilbev\u00f6lkerung begangen haben.

Medienmitteilung 14. November 2024, London/Bern \u2013 Medienkontakt

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