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Boote mit Fl\u00fcchtlingen werden durch die thail\u00e4ndische Marine seit Jahren abgewiesen. Die zumeist aus Myanmar und Bangladesch stammenden Fl\u00fcchtlinge werden zwangsweise in L\u00e4nder zur\u00fcckgeschickt, in denen ihnen Folter und andere Menschenrechtsverletzungen drohen. Diese und andere Praktiken der thail\u00e4ndischen Asylpolitik dokumentiert Amnesty International im neuen Bericht \u00ab Between a Rock and a Hard Place \u00bb.

Rohingya-Fl\u00fcchtlinge

Zwar beherbergt Thailand mit am meisten Fl\u00fcchtlinge in der Region, das Land verfolgt jedoch keine konsistente Asylpolitik. Dies f\u00fchrt dazu, dass Schutzbed\u00fcrftigen nicht immer Schutz gew\u00e4hrt wird. 2015, auf dem H\u00f6hepunkt der Bootsfl\u00fcchtlings-Krise, hatte die thail\u00e4ndische Marine \u00fcberf\u00fcllten Fl\u00fcchtlingsbooten das Anlegen verwehrt und damit eine langj\u00e4hrige Politik der \u00abPush-backs\u00bb von Schutzbed\u00fcrftigen fortgesetzt. Nun, da sich Thailand mit der durch ethnische S\u00e4uberungen ausgel\u00f6sten Flucht hunderttausender Rohingya aus Myanmar konfrontiert sieht, muss das Land dringend eine menschliche und koh\u00e4rente Fl\u00fcchtlingspolitik verfolgen und Schutzsuchenden sicheren Zugang gew\u00e4hren. Bisher sind die Signale der thail\u00e4ndischen Regierung gemischt: W\u00e4hrend Premierminister Chan-O-Cha erkl\u00e4rte, Thailand bereite sich darauf vor, Rohingya-Fl\u00fcchtlinge aus Myanmar aufzunehmen, liess das Milit\u00e4r k\u00fcrzlich verlauten, Fl\u00fcchtlingsboote w\u00fcrden in internationale Gew\u00e4sser zur\u00fcckgeschleppt, sollten sie thail\u00e4ndisches Gebiet erreichen.

Verletzungen des non-Refoulement-Gebots

In den vergangenen drei Jahren hat die thail\u00e4ndische Regierung zudem regelm\u00e4ssig dem Druck von L\u00e4ndern wie China, der T\u00fcrkei oder Bahrain nachgegeben und Fl\u00fcchtlinge zwangsweise in die betreffenden L\u00e4nder zur\u00fcckgef\u00fchrt. In mehreren von Amnesty dokumentierten F\u00e4llen wurden die Betroffenen in der Folge willk\u00fcrlich verhaftet, gefoltert oder misshandelt.\u00a0 Damit verletzte Thailand das internationale Rechtsprinzip des Non-Refoulements; dieses verbietet die R\u00fcckschaffung von\u00a0 Personen in L\u00e4nder, in denen sie an Leib und Leben gef\u00e4hrdet sind.

Rechtloser Zustand

L\u00fccken in der thail\u00e4ndischen Gesetzgebung f\u00fchren zudem dazu, dass viele Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Asylsuchende keinen rechtlichen Status erhalten und sich daher einem grossen Risiko von Missbrauch und Ausbeutung ausgesetzt sehen. Sie k\u00f6nnen nach thail\u00e4ndischem Recht jederzeit wegen illegaler Einreise und Aufenthalt verhaftet und in Abschiebezentren auf unbestimmte Zeit und unter menschenunw\u00fcrdigen Bedingungen festgehalten werden. Dieser Zustand f\u00fchrt dazu, dass Fl\u00fcchtlinge trotz der ihnen im Heimatstaat drohenden Risiken Thailand verlassen.

Taten statt Worte

Amnesty International anerkennt die Rolle Thailands in der Aufnahme von Hunderttausenden von Fl\u00fcchtlingen in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Die Milit\u00e4rregierung hat in den letzten Jahren wiederholt die Absicht bekr\u00e4ftigt, die Fl\u00fcchtlingspolitik dem Gebot des Non-Refoulements anzupassen. Diesen Worten m\u00fcssen jetzt aber dringend Taten folgen.

\u00a0

28. September 2017

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