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Berichten zufolge treibt die t\u00fcrkische Regierung angesichts der Corona-Krise einen Gesetzesentwurf voran, der die Freilassung von bis zu 100'000 Gefangene erm\u00f6glicht. Das ist ein willkommener Schritt: \u00dcberbelegung und die desolate hygienische Situation in den Haftanstalten sind eine ernstzunehmende Bedrohung f\u00fcr die Gesundheit der Inhaftierten.

Amnesty International begr\u00fcsst das geplante Gesetz. Aber es besteht die Sorge, dass Journalistinnen, Menschenrechtsverteidiger und andere Gefangene, die nur wegen der Wahrnehmung von Menschenrechten inhaftiert wurden, nicht freigelassen werden. Amnesty und mehr als 20 weitere Organisationen rufen daher die t\u00fcrkische Regierung auf, auch die Gefangenen freizulassen, die nur deshalb inhaftiert sind, weil sie ihre Meinung ge\u00e4ussert oder friedlich protestiert haben. Zu ihnen geh\u00f6ren Ahmet Altan, Selahattin Demirta\u015f und Osman Kavala.

Gesundheitsversorgung muss gew\u00e4hrleistet werden

Dar\u00fcber hinaus m\u00fcssen die t\u00fcrkischen Beh\u00f6rden auch die Akten von Personen in Untersuchungshaft im Hinblick auf Freilassungen pr\u00fcfen. Nach den internationalen Menschenrechtsstandards gelten bis zu einem rechtsg\u00fcltigen Verfahren die Unschuldsvermutung und das Recht auf Freiheit. W\u00e4hrend Untersuchungshaft nur in unabdingbaren F\u00e4llen verf\u00fcgt werden sollte, verordnen die t\u00fcrkischen Beh\u00f6rden Untersuchungshaft routinem\u00e4ssig als Strafmassnahme.

Die t\u00fcrkische Regierung muss auch die Freilassung von \u00e4lteren Gefangenen und solchen mit gesundheitlichen Beeintr\u00e4chtigungen in Betracht ziehen, weil diese durch den Coronavirus besonders gef\u00e4hrdet sind. In jedem Fall muss die Gesundheitsversorgung f\u00fcr alle Gefangenen gew\u00e4hrleistet sein und zwar im selben Masse wie f\u00fcr den Rest der Bev\u00f6lkerung. Dazu geh\u00f6ren auch die M\u00f6glichkeit zur Pr\u00e4vention, Tests und Behandlung von Covid-19. Die Mitarbeitenden in den Gef\u00e4ngnissen und des Gesundheitswesens m\u00fcssen informiert, ausgebildet und ausger\u00fcstet werden, damit sie sich selbst vor einer Ansteckung sch\u00fctzen k\u00f6nnen.

Im aktuell geltenden t\u00fcrkischen Strafrecht k\u00f6nnen Gefangene vorzeitig entlassen werden, nachdem sie zwei Drittel ihrer Strafe verb\u00fcsst haben. Im Gesetzesentwurf, der in den n\u00e4chsten Tagen vom Parlament verabschiedet werden soll, k\u00f6nnten Gefangene bereits nach der H\u00e4lfte des Strafmasses vorzeitig entlassen werden. Schwangere Frauen und Menschen \u00fcber 60 mit gesundheitlichen Beeintr\u00e4chtigungen sollen unter Hausarrest gestellt werden k\u00f6nnen. Nur f\u00fcr eine geringe Anzahl von Straftaten, inklusive f\u00fcr als \u00abTerrorismus\u00bb eingestufte Vergehen, ist die vorzeitige Strafentlassung nicht vorgesehen. Auch Personen in Untersuchungshaft und solche, die gegen ihr Urteil Rekurs erhoben haben, werden im neuen Gesetzesentwurf nicht ber\u00fccksichtigt.

Gef\u00e4hrdete MenschenrechtsverteidigerInnen

Die t\u00fcrkische Anti-Terror-Gesetzgebung ist vage und wird oft dazu missbraucht, um Journalistinnen, Oppositionspolitiker, Anw\u00e4ltinnen, Menschenrechtsverteidiger und Andersdenkende wegzusperren. Viele der Angeklagten werden w\u00e4hrend langer Zeit in Untersuchungshaft festgehalten und danach auf der Grundlage des Anti-Terrorgesetzes verurteilt \u2013 und zwar ohne dass Beweise daf\u00fcr erbracht worden w\u00e4ren, dass die Angeklagten zu Gewalt aufgerufen oder eine illegalen Organisation unterst\u00fctzt h\u00e4tten.

Zu solchen Gefangenen geh\u00f6ren der Journalist und Schriftsteller Ahmet Altan, der kurdische Politiker Selahattin Demirta\u015f und der bekannte Gesch\u00e4ftsmann und Vertreter der Zivilgesellschaft Osman Kavala. Wie ihnen erging es viele weitere AkademikerInnen, MenschenrechtsverteidigerInnen und JournalistInnen. Demirta\u015f berichtete von Herzproblemen im Gef\u00e4ngnis, Altan und Kavala sind beide \u00fcber 60 Jahre alt und geh\u00f6ren damit einer Risikogruppe f\u00fcr Covid-19 an. Diese Personen sollten nicht im Gef\u00e4ngnis sein. Sie nun von einer m\u00f6glichen Entlassung auszuschliessen, w\u00fcrde das Unrecht, dass sie bis anhin erlitten haben, noch einmal verst\u00e4rken.

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Türkei muss Gewissensgefangene freilassen

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