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Die T\u00fcrkei ist kein sicheres Drittland, wie der am 3. Juni 2016 erschienene Bericht \u00abNo safe refuge: Asylum-seekers and refugees denied effective protection in Turkey\u00bb von Amnesty International zeigt. Fl\u00fcchtlinge erhalten nur unzureichend Schutz in der T\u00fcrkei; das Asylsystem ist komplett \u00fcberfordert. Somit sind R\u00fcckschaffungen gem\u00e4ss dem Abkommen vom 18. M\u00e4rz zwischen der EU und der T\u00fcrkei illegal und gehen r\u00fccksichtslos auf Kosten der Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Asylsuchenden. Aus diesem Grund fordert Amnesty International, dass die EU geplante R\u00fcckschaffungen von Asylsuchenden in die T\u00fcrkei sofort stoppt.

\u00abDie EU hat die Lage in der T\u00fcrkei absichtlich falsch dargestellt, um die\u00a0 irregul\u00e4re Einreise von Asylsuchenden und Fl\u00fcchtlingen nach Europa zu verhindern. Es war aber zu erwarten, dass ein neues Asylsystem in dem Land, das bereits am meisten Fl\u00fcchtlinge weltweit aufgenommen hat, nicht zufriedenstellend funktioniert\u00bb, sagt John Dalhuisen, Direktor f\u00fcr Europa und Zentralasien bei Amnesty International. \u00abEs ist sinnvoll, die T\u00fcrkei bei der Entwicklung eines funktionsf\u00e4higen Asylsystems zu unterst\u00fctzen, doch kann die EU nicht so tun, als w\u00fcrde ein solches schon existieren.\u00bb

Jahrelanges Warten auf Entscheid

Die T\u00fcrkei hat nicht gen\u00fcgend Kapazit\u00e4ten, um die Asylgesuche von \u00fcber drei Millionen Fl\u00fcchtlingen zu bearbeiten. Dadurch befinden sich Hunderttausende \u00fcber Jahre in rechtlicher Ungewissheit. Die t\u00fcrkischen Beh\u00f6rden weigerten sich, Amnesty International Einblick in ihre Asylstatistik zu gew\u00e4hren. Die ver\u00f6ffentlichten Zahlen vom April zeigen jedoch, dass die T\u00fcrkei erst 4000 F\u00e4lle bearbeitet hat, das sind 1,5 Prozent der 266'000 Gesuche, die vom UNHCR in 2015 registriert wurden.\u00a0

Keine dauerhafte L\u00f6sung

Fl\u00fcchtlinge m\u00fcssen entweder im Land integriert, in ein anderes Land umgesiedelt oder, falls ihr Herkunftsland sicher ist, in dieses zur\u00fcckgef\u00fchrt werden. Die T\u00fcrkei verweigert jedoch allen nichteurop\u00e4ischen Fl\u00fcchtlingen den vollen Fl\u00fcchtlingsstatus und somit die Integration, w\u00e4hrend die internationale Gemeinschaft nicht ann\u00e4hernd gen\u00fcgend Aufnahmepl\u00e4tze zur Verf\u00fcgung stellt. Somit k\u00f6nnen Fl\u00fcchtlinge in der T\u00fcrkei weder ein neues Leben aufbauen, noch auf einen Aufnahmeplatz in einem anderen sicheren Land hoffen.

Fehlende Unterst\u00fctzung f\u00fcr den Lebensunterhalt

Die grosse Mehrheit der Fl\u00fcchtlinge in der T\u00fcrkei muss ohne die Unterst\u00fctzung der t\u00fcrkischen Regierung auskommen. So gibt es beispielsweise nur f\u00fcr zehn Prozent der syrischen Fl\u00fcchtlinge Platz in Fl\u00fcchtlingslagern, die anderen 2,5 syrischen Millionen Asylsuchenden und Fl\u00fcchtlinge m\u00fcssen selber eine Unterkunft organisieren. Amnesty International interviewte 57 Fl\u00fcchtlinge in der T\u00fcrkei zwischen M\u00e4rz und Mai 2016. Alle berichteten von grossen Schwierigkeiten, praktisch ohne finanzielle Hilfe der Regierung ihr \u00dcberleben zu sichern. Die meisten von ihnen sind von Familienangeh\u00f6rigen, anderen Asylsuchenden oder religi\u00f6sen Gemeinschaften abh\u00e4ngig. Sie erz\u00e4hlten Amnesty, dass sie in Moscheen, Parks oder Metrostationen schlafen, weil sie die Miete f\u00fcr ein Zimmer nicht aufbringen k\u00f6nnen. Zwei afghanische Familien schliefen unter einer Br\u00fccke in Istanbul, nachdem drei ihrer Kinder bei einer missgl\u00fcckten Meeres\u00fcberquerung ertrunken waren. Viele Familien m\u00fcssen zudem ihre Kinder zur Arbeit schicken, um die n\u00f6tigsten Bed\u00fcrfnisse decken zu k\u00f6nnen.

Verantwortung \u00fcbernehmen, nicht abschieben

Die EU muss ein ambiti\u00f6ses Wiederansiedlungs-Programm starten, anstatt der T\u00fcrkei die ganze Verantwortung f\u00fcr die Fl\u00fcchtlinge aufzub\u00fcrden. W\u00e4hrend die T\u00fcrkei mehr als drei Millionen Fl\u00fcchtlinge und Asylsuchende beherbergt, haben die EU-Staaten 2015 insgesamt nur 8'155 Fl\u00fcchtlinge aus der ganzen Welt definitiv aufgenommen und innerhalb der EU angesiedelt.

\u00abDie europ\u00e4ische Union hat auf eine der gr\u00f6ssten humanit\u00e4ren Katastrophen unserer Zeit mit Z\u00e4unen reagiert, mit Grenzw\u00e4chtern und mit eigenn\u00fctzigen Abkommen mit Nachbarl\u00e4ndern \u2013 nur um die Fl\u00fcchtlinge draussen zu behalten. Das Ergebnis sind Not und Leid \u2013 und weitere Tote auf dem Mittelmeer\u00bb, sagt John Dalhuisen.

Medienmitteilung 3. Juni 2016, London/Bern. \u2013 Medienkontakt

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Ungenügender Schutz für Flüchtlinge und Asylsuchende

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