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Er war einmal Anwalt f\u00fcr B\u00fcrgerrechte und Professor f\u00fcr Verfassungsrecht. Und so trat Barack Obama denn auch 2009 sein Amt mit einem klaren Bekenntnis zu Menschenrechten und Rechtsstaatlichkeit an. Davon ist nicht viel \u00fcbrig
geblieben. Im \u00abKrieg gegen den Terror\u00bb bleiben die Menschenrechte auf der Strecke. Und zwar auch in den Vereinigten Staaten selbst.

\u00abWir werden niemals damit aufh\u00f6ren, uns f\u00fcr die Menschenrechte aller Menschen \u2013 sowohl in den USA als auch im Ausland \u2013 einzusetzen. Das macht uns als Volk aus und daf\u00fcr stehen wir als Nation.\u00bb Barack Obama, 9. Dezember 2014

Es w\u00e4re naiv, zu glauben, dass sich allein mit der Wahl eines neuen Pr\u00e4sidenten die Menschenrechtslage in den USA grundlegend \u00e4ndern w\u00fcrde. Viele politische und institutionelle Faktoren beschr\u00e4nken die pr\u00e4sidentielle Macht: Die Blockade durch den republikanisch\u00a0 dominierten Kongress. Die ChefbeamtInnen, die sich weniger den politischen Zielen des Pr\u00e4sidenten als der langfristigen Sicherung ihrer Posten verpflichtet f\u00fchlen. Oder auch die f\u00f6derale Struktur der USA. Und schliesslich nat\u00fcrlich das Damoklesschwert, das \u00fcber jedem Amtstr\u00e4ger schwebt: die n\u00e4chste Wahl, die man durch zu mutige Schritte nicht gef\u00e4hrden will.

Auch positive Entwicklungen

Es w\u00e4re daher unredlich, von einem Pr\u00e4sidenten zu erwarten, grundlegende Menschenrechtsprobleme wie die Armut eines grossen Teils der Bev\u00f6lkerung oder die strukturelle Diskriminierung von Minderheiten in sechs Jahren l\u00f6sen zu k\u00f6nnen. Und man sollte auch nicht vergessen: Obama hat in seiner bisherigen Amtszeit durchaus einiges zum Positiven ver\u00e4ndert oder zumindest zu ver\u00e4ndern versucht. So erliess er beispielsweise im vergangenen Jahr ein Dekret, das die Diskriminierung von Homosexuellen in Unternehmen, die f\u00fcr die Regierung arbeiten, verbietet. Eine weiterreichende Regelung, die f\u00fcr alle Firmen gegolten h\u00e4tte, war vom republikanisch dominierten Repr\u00e4sentantenhaus blockiert worden. In einem anderen Streitpunkt hat sich Obama durchgesetzt: Homosexuellen Soldaten und Soldatinnen ist es mittlerweile erlaubt, \u00f6ffentlich zu ihrer sexuellen Orientierung zu stehen. Nach seinem Kampf f\u00fcr h\u00f6here Mindestl\u00f6hne setzte sich Obama auch f\u00fcr die Lohngleichheit der Frauen ein. Und er machte vorw\u00e4rts bei der Legalisierung von EinwanderInnen.

Gegen das eigene Volk

Und doch muss sich Obama an seiner Gesamtbilanz messen lassen. Im \u00abKrieg gegen
den Terror\u00bb wurden unter Obama die gezielten T\u00f6tungen von \u00abTerrorverd\u00e4chtigen\u00bb mit Drohnen ausgeweitet. Es sind aussergerichtliche Hinrichtungen, bei denen die USA auch in Kauf nehmen, dass Zivilpersonen get\u00f6tet werden. Selbst wenn die Folterungen, Entf\u00fchrungen und unmenschlichen Behandlungen durch die CIA nicht in Obamas Amtszeit geschahen: Der Bericht des US-Senats hat uns k\u00fcrzlich daran erinnert, dass auch unter Obama die Verantwortlichen bis heute nicht zur Rechenschaft gezogen wurden. Im Umgang mit tats\u00e4chlichen oder vermeintlichen Kriminellen verletzen die USA auf ihrem eigenen Boden die Menschenrechte: Beispiele sind miserable Haftbedingungen in US-Gef\u00e4ngnissen, die Todesstrafe, ausufernde Polizeigewalt \u2013 wie die Beitr\u00e4ge dieses Dossiers zeigen.

Die in der Bush-\u00c4ra betriebene \u00dcberwachung des eigenen Volks hat Obama nicht beendet \u2013 im Gegenteil. Als Senator hatte er den \u00abPatriot Act\u00bb noch verurteilt, der es Ermittlungsbeh\u00f6rden erlaubt, in der Privatsph\u00e4re von B\u00fcrgerinnen und B\u00fcrgern herumzuschn\u00fcffeln. Doch 2011 verl\u00e4ngerte Obama das Gesetz um vier Jahre und versch\u00e4rfte es bei dieser Gelegenheit gleich noch \u2013 mit der Begr\u00fcndung, dass dies notwendig sei, um die USA vor Terrorakten zu sch\u00fctzen. So mussten in den vergangenen Jahren auch ganz unbescholtene B\u00fcrgerinnen, Steuerzahler und W\u00e4hlerinnen dabei zusehen, wie ihre Grundrechte weiter\u00a0 eingeschr\u00e4nkt wurden. \u00dcbrigens auch Journalistinnen und Journalisten, die dar\u00fcber schreiben wollten.

Von Manuela Reimann Graf

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Enttäuschte Hoffnungen

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