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Die Regierung Obama hat Whistleblowern den Krieg erkl\u00e4rt. Davon zeugen die zahlreichen Skandale der j\u00fcngsten Vergangenheit. Vor zwei Jahren gab das Justizministerium zu, Telefonleitungen der Presseagentur Associated Press (AP) abgeh\u00f6rt zu haben. Dass Journalisten derart ausspioniert werden, ist neu. Im selben Jahr wurde der WikiLeaks- Informant Bradley Manning zu 35 Jahren Haft verurteilt. Ebenfalls 2013 deckte Edward Snowden die Abh\u00f6rmethoden der National Security Agency (NSA) auf.

Der investigative Journalismus lebt von Informationslecks, vor allem in den Vereinigten Staaten, wo praktisch alle Informationen als geheim eingestuft werden k\u00f6nnen, mit der Begr\u00fcndung, sie w\u00fcrden die nationale Sicherheit tangieren. Der Druck auf Whistleblower soll verhindern, dass offizielle Darstellungen hinterfragt werden.

\u00abDer Zugang zu \u00f6ffentlichen Informationen war nie so schwierig wie heute\u00bb, sagt Sally Buzbee, Leiterin des AP-B\u00fcros in Washington DC. \u00abEs gab eine Zeit, da k\u00e4mpfte das Weisse Haus darum, dass Kameram\u00e4nner, Fotografen und Journalisten kamen, wenn sich der US-Pr\u00e4sident mit ausl\u00e4ndischen Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern traf. Inzwischen ist das deutlich seltener der Fall. Man muss sich mal vorstellen, was f\u00fcr eine Botschaft die amerikanische Demokratie der Welt vermittelt, wenn sie derart mit den Medien umgeht: \u2039Halten Sie die Medien auf Distanz und stellen Sie ihnen die Fotos f\u00fcr Publikationen zur Verf\u00fcgung!\u203a

Obama strenger als Bush

Der Journalistenverband National Press Club hat im vergangenen Dezember alle F\u00e4lle aufgelistet, in denen die US-Regierung den Zugang zu Informationen behindert, darunter Informationen \u00fcber die Haftbedingungen auf Guant\u00e1namo. Auch als nicht geheim eingestufte Dokumente aus den Prozessen gegen mutmassliche Terroristen sind f\u00fcr JournalistInnen unzug\u00e4nglich. Unter der Bush-Regierung wurden diese Informationen regelm\u00e4ssig ver\u00f6ffentlicht.

Heutzutage ist es f\u00fcr Journalistinnen und Journalisten praktisch unm\u00f6glich, einen Regierungsbeamten zu treffen, ohne dass ein Pressesprecher der Regierung anwesend ist \u2013 offensichtlich mit dem Auftrag, jegliche Informationen zu vertuschen, die eine Kontroverse ausl\u00f6sen oder die Regierung in ein schlechtes Licht r\u00fccken k\u00f6nnten.

Lockerung in Sicht?

Auf der Rangliste der Pressefreiheit, die von \u00abReportern ohne Grenzen\u00bb publiziert wird, liegen die USA auf Platz 46 von 180 L\u00e4ndern. Die beunruhigenden Vorf\u00e4lle der vergangenen Zeit geben zu denken, dennoch bleiben die USA eine Demokratie mit starken Institutionen. Das Land hat inzwischen auf diese besorgniserregenden Ereignisse reagiert und wird hoffentlich auch weiterhin an einer \u00abKorrektur\u00bb arbeiten. Vor kurzem hat das Pentagon die jahrelange Verfolgung von James Risen, Journalist bei der New York Times, eingestellt. Risen drohte eine Haftstrafe, weil er sich weigerte, seine Informationsquellen preiszugeben. Auch f\u00fcr den Journalisten Joseph Hoosey ging ein Albtraum zu Ende. Hoosey arbeitet f\u00fcr die Online-Plattform Patch.com in Illinois und war ebenfalls ins Visier der Beh\u00f6rden geraten: Auch er wollte seine Quellen nicht nennen. K\u00f6nnte sich der amerikanische Kongress auf ein wirksames Gesetz zum Schutz der Journalistenquellen auf nationaler Ebene einigen, dann w\u00e4re ein wichtiger demokratischer Sieg errungen.

Von Delphine Halgand, Reporter ohne Grenzen, USA

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