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\u00abDie Weissen haben Amerika mit Waffe und Bibel erobert und regieren noch immer damit.\u00bb Dieses Zitat eines Black-Power-Aktivisten aus den sechziger Jahren kann auch heute noch dazu dienen, Ph\u00e4nomene in den USA wie die Anwendung der Todesstrafe, den Kult um das Waffentragen, die verbreitete Gewalt und die Diskriminierung von Minderheiten zu erkl\u00e4ren.

Wie anders als mit dem Blick auf die einst militante Siedlergemeinschaft w\u00e4re sonst zu erkl\u00e4ren, dass die USA die Todesstrafe immer noch anwenden und gar zu den f\u00fcnf L\u00e4ndern mit den meisten Hinrichtungen weltweit z\u00e4hlen. Die USA, die sich selber gerne als Vorbild f\u00fcr Demokratie und Menschenrechte sehen, finden sich in diesem Club der Henker mit L\u00e4ndern wie China, Iran, Saudi-Arabien und Irak.

Schwarze landen h\u00e4ufiger im Gef\u00e4ngnis, werden
h\u00e4ufiger von Polizisten erschossen und enden
h\u00e4ufiger im Todestrakt.

Auch die immer wiederkehrenden Vorf\u00e4lle, bei denen Polizisten vorschnell ihre Schusswaffe ziehen, zeugen von der hohen Gewaltbereitschaft, die sich mit einem tiefsitzenden Rassismus problematisch verbindet. Statistiken zeigen, dass Schwarze h\u00e4ufiger im Gef\u00e4ngnis landen, dass sie h\u00e4ufiger von Polizisten erschossen werden und h\u00e4ufiger im Todestrakt enden. Gewalt und Diskriminierung pr\u00e4gen die USA auch ein halbes Jahrhundert nach der schwarzen B\u00fcrgerrechtsbewegung der sechziger Jahre.

Die Gesellschaft denkt um

Es gibt aber auch gute Nachrichten aus den USA. Nicht nur die massiven Proteste gegen exzessive Polizeigewalt deuten ein gesellschaftliches Umdenken an. Auch in Sachen Todesstrafe gibt es positive Entwicklungen: Sowohl die Zahl der Hinrichtungen als auch die Zahl der Todesurteile sind in den vergangenen 15 Jahren deutlich gesunken. Auch die Anzahl der Bundesstaaten, die die Todesstrafe noch anwenden, wird immer kleiner; seit 2007 haben sechs weitere Bundesstaaten sie abgeschafft, 32 halten noch an ihr fest. Schliesslich ist auch die Zustimmung zur Todesstrafe in der Bev\u00f6lkerung heute auf dem tiefsten Stand seit 1972. Allerdings spricht sich immer noch eine Mehrheit f\u00fcr die Todesstrafe aus.

Dass die erste Pr\u00e4sidentschaft eines schwarzen Amerikaners nicht zu einem weiteren Umdenken in dieser Frage gef\u00fchrt hat, z\u00e4hlt zu den Entt\u00e4uschungen, die Obamas Amtszeit gebracht hat. W\u00e4hrend andere PolitikerInnen ihre Stimme gegen den Mainstream erheben, wie beispielsweise die Gouverneure von Oregon und Colorado mit ihrem Entscheid f\u00fcr ein Moratorium, hat sich Pr\u00e4sident Obama nie klar gegen die Todesstrafe ausgesprochen. Dabei braucht es solche Stimmen, um mit der Politik von Waffe und Bibel endlich brechen zu k\u00f6nnen. Und sie m\u00fcssten vor allem aus den USA selbst kommen.

Immerhin kann sich die amerikanische Gesellschaft auch auf ein ganz anderes Erbe aus ihrer Fr\u00fchzeit berufen. Noch vor der Franz\u00f6sischen Revolution war es die amerikanische Unabh\u00e4ngigkeitserkl\u00e4rung von 1776, die die unver\u00e4usserlichen Rechte auf Leben und Freiheit erstmals proklamiert hatte.

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