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Bestimmt haben auch Sie daran gedacht, sich juristisch zu wehren. Was in Demokratien ein Grundrecht ist, kann anderswo mit Risiken verbunden sein \u2013 so vor allem bei Verbrechen durch den Staat selbst. Dennoch wagen MenschenrechtsverteidigerInnen sogar dann den Gang vor Gericht. Auch wenn es unwahrscheinlich ist, dass die Gerechtigkeit obsiegen wird: Sie pochen auf ihre Rechte.", "effective": "2017-11-28T12:05:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Jetzt erst Recht: F\u00fcr die Menschenrechte vor Gericht ziehen", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": null, "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Maik S\u00f6hler. Erschienen in \u00abAMNESTY \u2013 Magazin der Menschenrechte\u00bb vom Dezember 2017.", "slblocks": { "af11b49f58ec4957b077f2995744a2ab": { "@components": { "actions": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@actions" }, "aliases": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@aliases" }, "breadcrumbs": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@breadcrumbs" }, "contextnavigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@contextnavigation" }, "footer": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@footer", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "linklist": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@linklist", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "navigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@navigation" }, "navroot": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@navroot" }, "types": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@types" }, "workflow": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details/@workflow" } }, "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil/details", "@type": "TitleTextBlock", "UID": "af11b49f58ec4957b077f2995744a2ab", "allow_discussion": false, "created": "2025-10-09T13:46:35+00:00", "cta_href": "", "cta_label": null, "cta_new_window": false, "cta_type": "", "id": "details", "is_folderish": true, "items": [], "items_total": 0, "layout": "view", "lock": {}, "modified": "2026-01-14T19:50:44+00:00", "next_item": {}, "parent": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2017-4/der-spion-im-exil", "@type": "ArticlePage", "description": "Der Sieger schreibt die Geschichte? 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Auf den ersten Blick haben Folter und Geschichtsschreibung nichts gemein. Auf den zweiten Blick sieht es anders aus: \u00abBeim Verh\u00f6r geht es zuerst um den Geist, erst dann um den K\u00f6rper\u00bb, sagt ein CIA-Mann in Viet Thanh Nguyens Roman \u00abDer Sympathisant\u00bb, als er Verh\u00f6rtechniken des US-Geheimdienstes an s\u00fcdvietnamesische Verb\u00fcndete vermittelt. Da ist Saigon, die Hauptstadt des S\u00fcdens, noch nicht an den Vietcong gefallen. Nur wenige Jahre sp\u00e4ter ist es so weit, US-Milit\u00e4rs und -Diplomaten m\u00fcssen Saigon Ende April 1975 unter starkem Beschuss verlassen. Mit ihnen d\u00fcrfen auch einige US-treue S\u00fcdvietnamesInnen in die USA reisen.

Der Roman spr\u00fcht vor Lust am Spott. Und er lehrt: Gerechtigkeit kann die seltsamsten Formen annehmen.

Viet Thanh Nguyen widmet sich diesen Auswanderern, indem er einen namenlosen Erz\u00e4hler in ihrem amerikanischen Exil platziert, der ausgerechnet f\u00fcr das Drehen des Vietnam-Spielfilms \u00abApocalypse Now\u00bb als Authentizit\u00e4tsberater angeheuert wird. Es ist zwar eine klare Niederlage, die die USA in Vietnam erfahren, doch den folgenden Kampf um die Deutung der Ereignisse \u2013 also um den Geist \u2013 gewinnen die USA. Egal in welchen Medien, ob in B\u00fcchern oder Filmen: Im Zentrum der Aufarbeitung stehen die USA, w\u00e4hrend sich die VietnamesInnen mit Statistenrollen abfinden m\u00fcssen.

Ein Mann mit zwei Gesichtern

Ein Produkt dieses Geistes ist Francis Ford Coppolas \u00abApocalypse Now\u00bb aus dem Jahr 1979. Und nun soll also der Protagonist dieses Romans dem m\u00e4chtigen US-Geist im Kino einen winzigen Hauch des realen Vietnams geben. An diesen Stellen spr\u00fcht \u00abDer Sympathisant\u00bb nur so vor Lust am Spott.

Nguyens Protagonist ist ein Spion des kommunistischen Vietnams, der die in Kalifornien lebenden ExilvietnamesInnen beobachten soll. \u00abIch bin ein Spion, ein Schl\u00e4fer, ein Maulwurf, ein Mann mit zwei Gesichtern\u00bb, lautet der erste Satz des Romans. Ein Spionageroman ist \u00abDer Sympathisant\u00bb aber nur am Rande, vielmehr besteht das Buch aus feinf\u00fchliger Prosa, die den \u00abzwei Gesichtern\u00bb nachsp\u00fcrt, die das Verh\u00e4ltnis von US-AmerikanerInnen und VietnamesInnen pr\u00e4gen. Nicht nur der \u00abGeist\u00bb des Krieges wird erkundet, sondern auch seine biografischen Folgen. Hohe s\u00fcdvietnamesische Armeeangeh\u00f6rige erfahren in Los Angeles Dem\u00fctigungen \u00abdurch das, was hier im Exil aus ihnen geworden war. Als K\u00fcchenhilfe, Kellner, G\u00e4rtner, Feldarbeiter, Fischer, Hilfsarbeiter, Wachmann oder einfach als Arbeitslose oder Unterbesch\u00e4ftigte verschmolzen diese sch\u00e4bigen Exemplare von Lumpenproletariern mit dem Hintergrund, vor dem sie gerade standen.\u00bb

Viet Thanh Nguyen arbeitet sich filigran durch die vielen Schichten materieller und kultureller Migrationsmissverst\u00e4ndnisse. Seine sprachliche Pr\u00e4zision und sein teils offener, teils versteckter Humor beeindrucken. Als der Protagonist schliesslich nach Vietnam zur\u00fcckkehrt und sein Handeln dort vor einem Politkommissar rechtfertigen muss, antwortet dieser: \u00abWir haben jetzt die Macht, und wir brauchen jetzt keine Franzosen oder Amerikaner mehr, die uns verarschen. Wir verarschen uns jetzt ganz wunderbar selbst.\u00bb Wir lernen: Gerechtigkeit kann auch seltsame Formen annehmen.

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Der Spion im Exil

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