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Er hat der Bev\u00f6lkerung die gegenw\u00e4rtig schlimmste humanit\u00e4re Krise der Welt beschert: Zehntausende Get\u00f6tete und Verletzte, 80'000 Kinder, die an Unter- oder Mangelern\u00e4hrung gestorben sind, Epidemien von Cholera und Diphtherie. Eine zerst\u00f6rte Infrastruktur, ein kaputter Staat. Und doch keimt ein Funken Hoffnung dank der Waffenstill standsvereinbarung f\u00fcr die Stadt Hodeida, deren Hafen f\u00fcr die Versorgung so zentral ist. Wie wichtig der Druck der internationalen Gemeinschaft auf die Kriegsparteien ist, damit dieser Funken nicht wieder erlischt, zeigt unser Dossier.", "effective": "2019-02-19T14:15:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Jemen: Der ignorierte Krieg", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": null, "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Manuela Reimann Graf. Erschienen in \u00abAMNESTY \u2013 Magazin der Menschenrechte\u00bb von M\u00e4rz 2019.", "slblocks": { "23b5dde69d34462a819cd1492af6cd68": { "@components": { "actions": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@actions" }, "aliases": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@aliases" }, "breadcrumbs": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@breadcrumbs" }, "contextnavigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@contextnavigation" }, "footer": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@footer", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "linklist": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@linklist", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "navigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@navigation" }, "navroot": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@navroot" }, "types": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@types" }, "workflow": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details/@workflow" } }, "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen/details", "@type": "TitleTextBlock", "UID": "23b5dde69d34462a819cd1492af6cd68", "allow_discussion": false, "created": "2025-10-19T07:18:23+00:00", "cta_href": "", "cta_label": null, "cta_new_window": false, "cta_type": "", "id": "details", "is_folderish": true, "items": [], "items_total": 0, "layout": "view", "lock": {}, "modified": "2026-01-14T19:54:08+00:00", "next_item": {}, "parent": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2019-1/el-hatillo-muss-weichen", "@type": "ArticlePage", "description": "Wegen der umliegenden Kohleminen muss die kolumbianische Gemeinde El Hatillo umsiedeln. 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Endlich steht er, der Umsiedlungsplan. Mit viel Tamtam wird das Dokument am 29. November 2018 feierlich unterzeichnet. Wird nun endlich alles gut f\u00fcr El Hatillo?

Die Umsiedlung der kleinen Gemeinde in der nordkolumbianischen Region Cesar war schon 2010 vom Umweltministerium verf\u00fcgt worden, weil durch den Ausbau der Minent\u00e4tigkeit die Gesundheit der Bev\u00f6lkerung und die Umwelt massiv belastet w\u00fcrden. Die l\u00e4ndliche Gemeinschaft k\u00f6nne die traditionelle Landwirtschaft und Viehzucht l\u00e4ngst nicht mehr betreiben, sagte 2015 eine der Gemeindevertreterinnen, Diana Fonseca, dem AMNESTY-Magazin.

Der Fluss sei verseucht, die Luft kontaminiert. Es war schon zu mehreren Ern\u00e4hrungskrisen gekommen, weil sich die Gemeinde nicht mehr mit gen\u00fcgend Nahrungsmitteln versorgen konnte. Sie, ihre Familie und die Mehrheit der BewohnerInnen w\u00fcrden unter massiven Atembeschwerden und Allergien leiden, erz\u00e4hlte Diana Fonseca damals. Der Schweizer Rohstoffmulti Glencore behauptet dagegen, dass die gesetzlichen Grenzwerte f\u00fcr die Luftqualit\u00e4t nicht \u00fcberschritten w\u00fcrden. Glencores Tochterfirma Prodeco betreibt eine der Minen bei El Hatillo.

2016 gab Prodeco eine Gesundheitsstudie bei einer kolumbianischen Universit\u00e4t in Auftrag, gem\u00e4ss der die vorliegenden Gesundheitsprobleme auf die Armut zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren seien; sie seien in anderen l\u00e4ndlichen Gebieten im n\u00f6rdlichen Kolumbien \u00e4hnlich. M\u00f6gliche Gr\u00fcnde l\u00e4gen im mangelhaften staatlichen Gesundheitssystem und in der schlechten Gesundheitsversorgung der Kinder (\u00abmangelnde Ern\u00e4hrung, schwache Zahnhygiene, Teenagerschwangerschaften \u00bb \u2013 so Glencore in einer Antwort an das AMNESTY-Magazin).

\u00abDass sich erst mit der Minent\u00e4tigkeit die urspr\u00fcngliche, naturnahe Lebensweise \u00e4nderte und sich die Lebensbedingung massiv verschlechterten, wird verschwiegen\u00bb, sagt Stephan Suhner von der Arbeitsgruppe Schweiz-Kolumbien, die sich seit Jahren f\u00fcr El Hatillo engagiert. \u00abDa werden Ursache und Wirkung vermischt.\u00bb

Im Weg

Trotz der \u00abnicht \u00fcberschrittenen \u00bb Grenzwerte muss El Hatillo umgesiedelt werden \u2013 pr\u00e4ventiv. Denn die Minen wollen wachsen, Gemeinden wie El Hatillo sind im Weg. W\u00e4hrend des Verhandlungsprozesses wurden GemeindevertreterInnen bedroht. Wer dahinter steckte, wurde nie aufgekl\u00e4rt, aber das Ziel ist klar: Die DorfbewohnerInnen sollten eingesch\u00fcchtert werden. Im Januar 2017 wurde ein f\u00fchrender Vertreter von El Hatillo sogar ermordet: Aldemar Parra Garcia, der junge Leiter eines Gemeindeprojekts zur Einkommensgenerierung mittels Bienenzucht, wurde von bewaffneten Unbekannten erschossen. Glencore verurteilte die Tat und forderte bei der Regierung Schutzmassnahmen f\u00fcr die Bev\u00f6lkerung.

Bis die Familien schliesslich tats\u00e4chlich umziehen k\u00f6nnen, kann es noch dauern. F\u00fcr die Umsetzung sieht der Zeitplan maximal f\u00fcnf Jahre vor. \u00abEs ist zu bef\u00fcrchten, dass viele Familien nicht mehr so lange warten k\u00f6nnen und vorher weggehen\u00bb, sagt Stephan Suhner. \u00abEs ist daher unbedingt n\u00f6tig, dass mit einem \u00dcbergangsplan die Lebensumst\u00e4nde verbessert werden.\u00bb Suhner kritisiert auch die Entsch\u00e4digungszahlungen, die die Minenbetreiber bezahlen m\u00fcssen. Denn diese decken nur die Kosten der Verluste durch die Umsiedlung, nicht aber die Sch\u00e4den, die w\u00e4hrend 25 Jahren Bergbau entstanden sind. \u00abSorge bereitet vor allem, dass die Gemeinschaft weiterhin den sch\u00e4dlichen Umweltauswirkungen ausgesetzt ist\u00bb, so Stephan Suhner. \u00abDass es nochmals bis zu f\u00fcnf Jahre dauern soll, ist unertr\u00e4glich.\u00bb

\u00a0

\u00abMein Sohn hat Angst, ich k\u00f6nnte get\u00f6tet werden\u00bb

$\"\"$ AMNESTY: Sie haben uns vor vier Jahren von den Gesundheitsproblemen berichtet, unter welchen Sie leiden. Wie geht es Ihnen heute?

Diana Fonseca: Ich bin seit acht Monaten von El Hatillo weg. Anfangs hatte ich weiterhin Allergien und ben\u00f6tigte wegen Atemproblemen Sauerstoff, jetzt geht es besser. Mein 12-j\u00e4hriger Sohn hat weiterhin starke Allergien, Hautausschl\u00e4ge und Atemnot. Der Arzt sagt, es sei gut m\u00f6glich, dass es wegen der Umweltverschmutzung sei. In El Hatillo bin ich nur noch selten. Viele Leute dort sind krank, ihre Lage hat sich verschlechtert.
Kein Arzt sagt jedoch klar und deutlich, was die Ursache ist. Mein Sohn hat zudem psychische Probleme entwickelt,
vor allem wegen den Drohungen gegen mich; er hat schlimme Angstzust\u00e4nde. Er bef\u00fcrchtet, dass ich get\u00f6tet werden k\u00f6nnte. Schon lange wollte ich weg, aber das Geld reichte nicht. Ausserdem arbeitete mein Mann in der Mine.

Sind Sie zufrieden mit dem Umsiedlungsplan?

Ich und einige andere sind nicht zufrieden. Die Entsch\u00e4digungszahlungen sind l\u00e4cherlich, sie decken die erlittenen\u00a0 Verluste in keiner Weise. Das zugeteilte Land ist zwar gut, es ist aber zu klein f\u00fcr die Existenzsicherung einer
b\u00e4uerlichen Familie. Ein Grossteil der Bev\u00f6lkerung scheint sich mit dem Resultat jedoch abgefunden zu haben. Die\u00a0 Mehrheit der GemeindevertreterInnen ist zufrieden, weil wir in der letzten Verhandlungsphase nochmal viel\u00a0 rreichen konnten. Am Schluss waren es fast nur noch mein Kollege Orlando und ich, die f\u00fcr Verbesserungen k\u00e4mpften; so\u00a0 wurde es f\u00fcr uns sehr schwierig.

Werden Sie allenfalls zur\u00fcckkehren respektive in das neue El Hatillo ziehen?

Nein, ich werde nicht zur\u00fcckkehren.

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