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Viele Menschen litten unter starkem Haarausfall. \u00a9 Keystone / AP / Molly Riley", "image_credits": null, "is_folderish": false, "layout": "custom_image_view", "lock": {}, "modified": "2025-10-19T19:23:29+00:00", "next_item": {}, "parent": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/hero-bilder", "@type": "HeroImageFolder", "description": "", "effective": "1969-12-30T23:00:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": null, "start": null, "title": "Hero Bilder", "type_title": "Hero Image Folder" }, "previous_item": {}, "review_state": null, "title": "268143720_highres.jpg", "type_title": "HeroImage", "version": "current" } ], "hero_lead": "Vor acht Jahren trafen die Beh\u00f6rden der amerikanischen Stadt Flint einen verheerenden Entscheid, der zur Vergiftung von 100'000 Menschen f\u00fchrte. 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In vielen Gebieten der Welt ist Wasser auch ohne Hitzewellen Mangelware. Dies kann zum Ausl\u00f6ser von Konflikten zwischen und innerhalb von Staaten werden. Wer \u00fcber Quellen und Str\u00f6me herrscht oder Meeresanschluss hat, gewinnt an Macht. Trinkbares Wasser wird Menschen aber auch durch Verschmutzung, Misswirtschaft und ausbeuterische Unternehmen verwehrt; der Klimawandel versch\u00e4rft Notlagen zus\u00e4tzlich und schafft neue Krisen. Das Menschenrecht auf Wasser wird zur Herausforderung der kommenden Jahrzehnte.", "effective": "2022-06-01T09:35:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Wasser \u2013 Quelle von Konflikten", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": [], "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Natalie Wenger. Erschienen in \u00abAMNESTY \u2013 Magazin der Menschenrechte\u00bb vom Juni 2022.", "slblocks": { "f257a35f719f44848fb8e96e6753942a": { "@components": { "actions": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@actions" }, "aliases": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@aliases" }, "breadcrumbs": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@breadcrumbs" }, "contextnavigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@contextnavigation" }, "footer": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@footer", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "linklist": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/@linklist", "data": { "msg": "Not extandable for caching reasons, please call @id in a separate request." } }, "navigation": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@navigation" }, "navroot": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@navroot" }, "types": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@types" }, "workflow": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details/@workflow" } }, "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird/details", "@type": "TitleTextBlock", "UID": "f257a35f719f44848fb8e96e6753942a", "allow_discussion": false, "created": "2025-10-19T19:23:30+00:00", "cta_href": "", "cta_label": null, "cta_new_window": false, "cta_type": "", "id": "details", "is_folderish": true, "items": [], "items_total": 0, "layout": "view", "lock": {}, "modified": "2025-10-19T19:23:30+00:00", "next_item": {}, "parent": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-2/wenn-wasser-zu-gift-wird", "@type": "ArticlePage", "description": "Vor acht Jahren trafen die Beh\u00f6rden der amerikanischen Stadt Flint einen verheerenden Entscheid, der zur Vergiftung von 100'000 Menschen f\u00fchrte. Die Auswirkungen sind bis heute sp\u00fcrbar.", "effective": "2022-06-01T15:00:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Wenn Wasser zu Gift wird", "type_title": "ArticlePage" }, "previous_item": {}, "review_state": null, "text": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "

Das Wasser, das aus dem Hahn kam, war eine rostbraune, stinkende Br\u00fche. Die Beh\u00f6rden versicherten, alles sei in Ordnung. Warnungen wurden ignoriert, Tests unsachgem\u00e4ss durchgef\u00fchrt. Anderthalb Jahre haben die Bewohner* innen von Flint, Michigan, dieses bleihaltige Wasser getrunken, damit gewaschen und gekocht. In der verarmten Industriestadt lag der Bleigehalt fl\u00e4chendeckend \u00fcber den vertr\u00e4glichen Werten, teilweise erreichte er gar die Kategorie \u00abGiftm\u00fcll\u00bb. 100 000 Menschen klagten \u00fcber Hautausschlag, Erbrechen und Haarausfall. Knapp 100 Menschen erkrankten an der Legion\u00e4rskrankheit, 12 starben. 2016 wurde der Notstand ausgerufen, die Anwohner*innen mussten teils mit Wasser aus Flaschen versorgt werden.

Vermeidbare Sch\u00e4digungen

Das Recht der Einwohner*innen von aus Flint auf Zugang zu sauberem Trinkwasser wurde wiederholt \u00fcbergangen \u2013 aus Geldgier. Um Geld zu sparen, hatten die Beh\u00f6rden ab dem Fr\u00fchjahr 2014 begonnen, das Trinkwasser aus dem Flint River abzuzapfen \u2013 einem durch die Autoindustrie verseuchten Fluss \u2013, statt es wie zuvor aus dem Lake Huron in Detroit zu beziehen. Das aggressive Flusswasser griff die alten Bleirohre an und setzte so das giftige Schwermetall frei. Besonders f\u00fcr Kinder hat ein erh\u00f6hter Bleigehalt im Blut schwere Folgen. Eine Bleivergiftung kann das Gehirn sch\u00e4digen, das Wachstum hemmen und Verhaltensprobleme verursachen. Diese Katastrophe h\u00e4tte verhindert werden k\u00f6nnen: Rund 100 Franken h\u00e4tten die Anti-Rost-Chemikalien gekostet, auf welche die Verantwortlichen bewusst verzichteten.

Die Verwaltung wiegelte ab, als die Menschen Fragen stellten. Das Vertrauen in die Institutionen sank. Die Leute gingen auf die Strasse. Viele hielten Schilder mit der Aufschrift \u00abWasser ist ein Menschenrecht\u00bb \u2013 ein Recht, das in den USA oft vernachl\u00e4ssigt wird. Als in der Uno-Generalversammlung 2010 \u00fcber die Anerkennung des Menschenrechts auf Wasser abgestimmt wurde, enthielten sich die USA der Stimme. Flint ist kein Einzelfall: Rund 2,5 Prozent aller Kinder in den USA leiden an einer Bleivergiftung durch verschmutztes Wasser. Besonders hart trifft es Menschen mit niedrigem Einkommen, Schwarze und Indigene.

\u00abKein Grundrecht\u00bb

Der Skandal von Flint wurde zum Symbol f\u00fcr soziale Ungerechtigkeit. In der mehrheitlich von Schwarzen bewohnten Stadt lehnten die Beh\u00f6rden zun\u00e4chst s\u00e4mtliche Beschwerden ab. Wasser sei kein durch die Verfassung verbrieftes Recht, sagten der Staat Michigan und die Stadt Flint. Das \u00e4nderte sich erst, als der \u00f6ffentliche Druck zunahm. Der B\u00fcrgermeister verpasste Ende 2015 die Wiederwahl. Der Chef der Umweltbeh\u00f6rde von Michigan trat zur\u00fcck. Mehrere Einwohner*innen reichten eine Sammelklage ein, was einen langen Rechtsstreit ausl\u00f6ste. Erst im November 2021 entschied das US-Bezirksgericht, dass der Bundesstaat Michigan den Opfern einen Schadenersatz von 626 Millionen Dollar zahlen muss. Davon profitieren in erster Linie Personen, die zur Zeit des Skandals Kinder waren und daher dem gr\u00f6ssten Gesundheitsrisiko ausgesetzt waren.

Inzwischen ist Flints Wasserversorgung wieder an Detroit angeschlossen, bis September 2022 sollen alle verbleibenden Rohre ausgetauscht sein. Die Revisionsarbeiten h\u00e4tten bereits im November 2020 abgeschlossen sein sollen, doch 1900 Haushalte warten noch immer. Die Wasserqualit\u00e4t entspricht laut Beh\u00f6rden nun den nationalen Standards. Doch die Bev\u00f6lkerung bleibt skeptisch, und so herrscht weiterhin eine hohe Nachfrage nach Wasser aus Flaschen. Die Gemeinschaft k\u00e4mpft noch immer mit dem Trauma, von der eigenen Regierung vergiftet worden zu sein.

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Wenn Wasser zu Gift wird

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