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Sie wurden ausgebeutet, vertrieben, misshandelt. Auch heute noch werden sie in vielen L\u00e4ndern ihrer grundlegendsten Menschenrechte beraubt. Doch viele indigene V\u00f6lker lassen sich das Unrecht nicht mehr gefallen. Weltweit engagieren sie sich f\u00fcr ihre Rechte und die Bewahrung ihrer Identit\u00e4t. Nebst diesem Schwerpunkt finden Sie: Behindertenrechte: Die Schweiz ist noch nirgends / Ukraine: Vergewaltigung als Kriegswaffe / Katar-WM 2022: Die Reformen reichen nicht. Und vieles andere mehr.", "effective": "2022-07-14T17:18:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Indigene V\u00f6lker: Kampf um Identit\u00e4t", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": [], "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Boris B\u00f6gli. 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30 \u00c4pfel muss der kleine Mahdi in die Klasse mitbringen. Das tr\u00e4gt die nicht unfreundliche, aber leider bestechliche Lehrerin dem eben eingeschulten Buben auf, als sie erf\u00e4hrt, dass Mahdis Vater Morteza Apfelverk\u00e4ufer ist. \u00abMachbar \u00bb, denkt man sich im Kino, schliesslich liegen gerade haufenweise frisch geerntete \u00c4pfel auf Mortezas Kleintransporter. Doch dann wird der Pick-up in den chaotischen Strassen Teherans gestohlen. Zur Rettung der Familienehre unternimmt Mahdis gewitzter \u00e4lterer Bruder Saeed alles, um 30 \u00c4pfel aufzutreiben. Er bettelt, arbeitet, stibitzt, doch immer wieder erlebt er R\u00fcckschl\u00e4ge.

Derweil taumelt Vater Morteza nach dem verheerenden Diebstahl zwischen Panik, Depression und Wahnsinn \u2013 eindr\u00fccklich in Szene gesetzt von Kameramann Ali Ehsani. Zuhause h\u00e4lt Mutter Mahboubeh, eine W\u00e4scherin, die Familie zusammen. Sie, die st\u00e4rkste Figur des Films, kommt besser mit den Tricksereien im Grossstadtleben zurecht als ihr Ehemann, der den heimatlichen Bergen nachtrauert. Mahboubeh schmiedet Investitionspl\u00e4ne mit geliehenem Geld, nimmt an einem Lottobetrug teil und will Altkleider mit aufgen\u00e4hten Labels \u00abaufpeppen\u00bb. Und dann ist da noch Mortezas Bruder Daryoush, der die Familie in ihrer Notlage unterst\u00fctzt \u2013 aber nicht ohne Hintergedanken.

Der 1976 geborene Regisseur Ghaffari erz\u00e4hlt die kleine Geschichte um Landflucht, Kinderarbeit und Prekariat im Moloch Teheran unpr\u00e4tenti\u00f6s, mit sorgf\u00e4ltig komponierten Bildern. Dass die Priorit\u00e4ten des iranischen Regimes nicht in der Armutsbek\u00e4mpfung liegen, veranschaulicht die Szene, in der der Plakatkleber Daryoush ein l\u00e4cherlich grosses Bild mit dem Konterfei des religi\u00f6sen F\u00fchrers Ali Chamenei montiert. Zugleich spielt eine verarmte Kinderschar im Staub um vergilbte Panini-Bilder.

Zunehmende Zensur

\u00abA wie Apfel\u00bb wurde im Februar an der Berlinale gezeigt. In einem Interview mit dem Filmportal \u00abtestkammer\u00bb k\u00fcndigte Ghaffari an, sein n\u00e4chstes Projekt wohl im Ausland zu drehen, da die Zensur im Iran unabh\u00e4ngiges Filmschaffen zunehmend verunm\u00f6gliche. Wie gef\u00e4hrlich es ist, sich als Kulturschaffender in der Islamischen Republik zu \u00e4ussern, hat j\u00fcngst die Festnahme von Mohammed Rasoulof gezeigt, dem Gewinner des Goldenen B\u00e4ren 2020. Der Regisseur hatte gegen Polizeigewalt protestiert, nachdem es wegen des Einsturzes eines Hochhauses mit Dutzenden Toten zu Demonstrationen gekommen war.

Es h\u00e4tte ein Hochhaus aus Ghaffaris Werk sein k\u00f6nnen. Neben den \u00c4pfeln zieht sich die Wohnbauarchitektur als Leitmotiv durch den Film. Eine absurde, sterile Hochhaussiedlung am Stadtrand steht den chaotischen H\u00f6fen und Fassaden im Wohnquartier der Familie und den nur auf den ersten Blick romantischen Landh\u00e4usern in den Bergen gegen\u00fcber. Sie demaskieren die regelm\u00e4ssig von der Regierung verk\u00fcndeten Pl\u00e4ne, die Landflucht aufzuhalten, als Makulatur.

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Am Stadtrand von Teheran

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