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"migration_url": "https://www.amnesty.ch/de/ueber-amnesty/publikationen/magazin-amnesty/2022-3/der-kampf-gegen-die-kohle-c-nicolo-filippo-rosso-bloomberg-getty-images", "modified": "2026-01-30T14:50:49+00:00", "next_item": {}, "og_description": null, "og_image": null, "og_title": null, "parent": { "@id": "https://amnesty-api.webcloud7.ch/de/magazin-amnesty/2022-3", "@type": "TopicPage", "description": "Lange Zeit wurden die Rechte der indigenen V\u00f6lker ignoriert. Sie wurden ausgebeutet, vertrieben, misshandelt. Auch heute noch werden sie in vielen L\u00e4ndern ihrer grundlegendsten Menschenrechte beraubt. Doch viele indigene V\u00f6lker lassen sich das Unrecht nicht mehr gefallen. Weltweit engagieren sie sich f\u00fcr ihre Rechte und die Bewahrung ihrer Identit\u00e4t. Nebst diesem Schwerpunkt finden Sie: Behindertenrechte: Die Schweiz ist noch nirgends / Ukraine: Vergewaltigung als Kriegswaffe / Katar-WM 2022: Die Reformen reichen nicht. Und vieles andere mehr.", "effective": "2022-07-14T17:18:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Indigene V\u00f6lker: Kampf um Identit\u00e4t", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": [], "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Lea Schlunegger. 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Die Sonne brannte an diesem Tag im April, als Rosa Mar\u00eda Mateus Parra und Samuel Arregoces aus der kolumbianischen Region Guajira die Schweizer Sektion von Amnesty International besuchten. Die Sonne brennt auch in La Guajira, der \u00abkaribischen W\u00fcste\u00bb Kolumbiens, wie die Region von Reiseb\u00fcros bezeichnet wird. Diese versprechen \u00abspektakul\u00e4re Landschaften\u00bb und \u00abindigene\u00bb Kulturen. Spektakul\u00e4r ist vor allem auch die Landschaft, die durch den Kohleabbau in dieser Region entstanden ist.

Die Anw\u00e4ltin des Anwaltskollektivs CAJAR, Rosa Mar\u00eda Mateus Parra, und der Umweltaktivist Samuel Arregoces haben jahrzehntelang gegen die Kohlemine El Cerrej\u00f3n gek\u00e4mpft. Die mehrheitlich afro-indigene Bev\u00f6lkerung leidet an den gesundheitlichen, sozialen und \u00f6konomischen Folgen des Kohleabbaus. Die Umleitung und Verseuchung von Fl\u00fcssen f\u00fchren zu Wassermangel und damit zum Entzug der Lebensgrundlagen. Insbesondere seien schwere Menschenrechtsverletzungen an afro-indigenen Gemeinschaften begangen worden, allen voran an den Way\u00fau, sagte Rosa Mar\u00eda Mateus Parra. \u00abViele Kinder sind in der Region aufgrund von Durst und Hunger gestorben. [\u2026] Wir haben zwar verschiedene gerichtliche Urteile erreicht, welche die Umweltverletzung durch die Mine anerkennen. Aber nicht eines wurde korrekt umgesetzt.\u00bb

Investitionsschutzklage

Im Juni 2021 \u00fcbernahm Glencore alle Anteile an El Cerrej\u00f3n, der gr\u00f6ssten Tagebau- Kohlemine in Lateinamerika. Gem\u00e4ss Recherchen der Koalition f\u00fcr Konzernverantwortung begann Glencore 2016 den Fluss Arroyo Bruno umzuleiten, um die darunterliegenden Kohlevorr\u00e4te abzubauen. Das Projekt konnte dank des Engagements von Aktivist*innen gestoppt werden, die den Fall bis vor das kolumbianische Verfassungsgericht gezogen hatten.

\u00abNur wenn es uns gelingt den Ausbau der Mine zu verhindern und den Fluss Bruno zu retten, k\u00f6nnen wir weiterhin in der Guajira leben\u00bb, sagte Samuel Arregoces im Gespr\u00e4ch mit Amnesty Schweiz. Das kolumbianische Verfassungsgericht urteilte denn auch, dass der neue Flussverlauf die Wasserversorgung gef\u00e4hrde und die negativen Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt nicht ber\u00fccksichtigt worden seien. Das Gericht bekr\u00e4ftigte, dass es eine echte und wirksame Partizipation der lokalen Bev\u00f6lkerung brauche und dass es notwendig sei, negative kulturelle und spirituelle Folgen f\u00fcr das Volk der Way\u00fau zu vermeiden.

Um die Umleitung des Arroyo Bruno dennoch durchzusetzen, reichte Glencore am 28. Mai 2021 auf Basis des Investitionsschutzabkommens Schweiz-Kolumbien eine Klage gegen Kolumbien ein. Das Zuger Unternehmen will vom kolumbianischen Staat nun eine Entsch\u00e4digung daf\u00fcr, dass der Ausbau der Mine gerichtlich gestoppt wurde.

Wachsender Druck

Rosa Mar\u00eda erkl\u00e4rt bei ihrem Besuch in der Schweiz, dass seit dem russischen Angriff auf die Ukraine der Kohlepreis und damit auch das Interesse an kolumbianischer Kohle enorm gestiegen seien. Damit versch\u00e4rft sich der Druck auf die lokale Bev\u00f6lkerung in anderen Kohleabbaugebieten \u2013 so auch in S\u00fcdafrika, Indien oder Indonesien. Auch die Schweiz importiert pro Jahr zirka 140 000 Tonnen Kohle.

Dass Menschen wie Rosa Mar\u00eda und Samuel sich f\u00fcr Landund Umweltrechte einsetzen, ist nicht selbstverst\u00e4ndlich und bedeutet f\u00fcr sie ein hohes Risiko. Menschen und Gemeinschaften, die sich in Kolumbien, aber auch in andern L\u00e4ndern f\u00fcr ihre Rechte engagieren, sind oft Drohungen und massiver Gewalt \u2013 manche davon mit Todesfolge \u2013 ausgesetzt.

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Der Kampf gegen die Kohle

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