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Hinter ihnen stehen die Diaspora, ethnische Minderheiten und ein betr\u00e4chtlicher Teil der iranischen Bev\u00f6lkerung, die von Freiheit zu tr\u00e4umen beginnen. Ausserdem im AMNESTY-Magazin: Der gef\u00e4hrliche Kamp f\u00fcr die Rechte von trans Menschen in Ghana. Der Bericht einer Kriegsreporterin in der Ukraine. Menschenhandel in Kambodscha. Und vieles andere mehr.", "effective": "2023-03-01T10:17:00+00:00", "end": null, "getObjSize": null, "head_title": null, "image_field": null, "image_scales": {}, "mime_type": null, "nav_title": null, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "start": null, "title": "Aufstand der Mutigen", "type_title": "TopicPage" }, "pills": [], "previous_item": {}, "review_state": "website_workflow--STATUS--veroffentlicht", "sidebar_date": null, "sidebar_item_1": null, "sidebar_item_2": null, "sidebar_label": null, "sidebar_link": "", "sidebar_text": "Von Natalie Wenger. 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Das Bild der in Polizeigewahrsam zu Tode gekommenen Jina Mahsa Amini ging um die Welt. Die mutmasslich f\u00fcr ihren Tod Verantwortlichen \u2013 Mitglieder der iranischen \u00abSittenpolizei\u00bb \u2212 sind noch auf freiem Fuss. Eine Untersuchung der Todesumst\u00e4nde und der Verletzungen gab es nicht.

Die Straflosigkeit ist im Iran weit verbreitet und nichts Neues. \u00abOftmals sind hohe staatliche Akteure an den Menschenrechtsverletzungen beteiligt\u00bb, sagt Nassim Papayianni, leitende Campaignerin im Iran-Team von Amnesty International. So arbeiteten Strafvollzugsbeamte im Jahr 1988 mit sogenannten \u00abTodeskommissionen\u00bb zusammen. Diese liessen Tausende Dissident*innen verschwinden oder richteten sie aussergerichtlich hin. Mehr als 30 Jahre sp\u00e4ter warten die Hinterbliebenen noch immer auf Gerechtigkeit. Die iranischen Beh\u00f6rden haben wiederholt Forderungen der internationalen Gemeinschaft nach strafrechtlichen Ermittlungen ignoriert und versucht, Beweise f\u00fcr ihre Verbrechen zu vernichten.

Viele der damals Verantwortlichen haben weiterhin Machtpositionen inne. \u00abDies erleichtert die Wiederholung von Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit\u00bb, sagt Nassim Papayianni. 2021 etwa wurde Ebrahim Raisi zum Pr\u00e4sidenten des Landes ernannt, statt dass gegen ihn im Zusammenhang mit den Massenhinrichtungen von 1988 ermittelt worden w\u00e4re.

Keine unabh\u00e4ngige Justiz

Die Grunds\u00e4tze der Rechtsstaatlichkeit und der Gewaltenteilung werden systematisch missachtet, was eine Rechenschaftspflicht verunm\u00f6glicht. \u00abDer Justiz mangelt es an Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit, die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Anw\u00e4lt*innen wird untergraben, und den Gefangenen wird der Zugang zu einem Rechtsbeistand verweigert, bis ein Urteil gef\u00e4llt wurde\u00bb, sagt Nassim Papayianni. \u00abGerichte lassen routinem\u00e4ssig Gest\u00e4ndnisse, die durch Folter erzwungen wurden, als Beweismittel zu.\u00bb

Die iranischen Beh\u00f6rden gehen oft gewaltsam gegen Menschen vor, die gegen Missst\u00e4nde protestieren.

Die iranischen Beh\u00f6rden gehen oft gewaltsam gegen Menschen vor, die gegen Missst\u00e4nde protestieren. Ende September 2022 wurde ein Dokument geleakt, aus dem hervorgeht, dass die Streitkr\u00e4fte von hochrangigen Staatsbeamten angewiesen worden waren, ohne Nachsicht gegen Demonstrant* innen vorzugehen, auch wenn dies Menschenleben koste. Zwischen September 2022 und Februar 2023 wurden laut Menschenrechtsorganisationen 527 Demonstrant* innen get\u00f6tet und mehr als 19 600 verhaftet.

Die Verantwortlichen wurden bisher nicht zur Rechenschaft gezogen. Die Regierung weist die Erkenntnisse von Uno-Expert*innen und Menschenrechtsorganisationen vehement zur\u00fcck. Doch die internationale Gemeinschaft konnte nicht l\u00e4nger zusehen. Am 24. November hat der Uno-Menschenrechtsrat eine Resolution zur Einrichtung einer Untersuchungskommission verabschiedet \u2013 ein historischer Beschluss, der auch auf Druck von Amnesty zustande kam. Diese Kommission hat den Auftrag, die Menschenrechtsverletzungen im Iran im Zusammenhang mit den im September 2022 ausgebrochenen Protesten zu dokumentieren und Beweise f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Gerichtsverfahren zu sammeln und zu sichern.

Amnesty International forderte bereits 2018 einen unabh\u00e4ngigen, unparteiischen und effektiven internationalen Mechanismus, um gegen die Straflosigkeit vorzugehen. \u00abWir hoffen, dass die Einrichtung der Untersuchungskommission einen grundlegenden Wandel in der Herangehensweise der internationalen Gemeinschaft darstellt, um die Krise der systematischen Straflosigkeit im Iran zu bek\u00e4mpfen\u00bb, sagt Nassim Papyianni. Sie hofft, dass die Untersuchungskommission unverz\u00fcglich eingesetzt wird. \u00abWir d\u00fcrfen die iranische Bev\u00f6lkerung nicht l\u00e4nger allein lassen. Die Straflosigkeit muss jetzt ein Ende haben.\u00bb

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Ein Zeichen gegen die Straflosigkeit

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