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Tommy ist als erstes Schwarzes Kind dazu ausersehen, auf eine bis dahin rein weisse Schule zu gehen. In der titelgebenden Erz\u00e4hlung \u00abNachbarn\u00bb wird der Vorabend des ersten Schultags aus der Perspektive der \u00e4lteren Schwester erz\u00e4hlt, die sagt: \u00abIch versuche mir einzureden, dass jemand der Erste sein muss.\u00bb Auch in der Nachbarschaft, die in Angst lebt, ist man vorsichtig optimistisch. So meint ein Anwohner: \u00abHoffentlich macht\u2019s ihm nichts aus, wenn sie ihn anspucken.\u00bb

Diane Olivers Geschichten in \u00abNachbarn \u00bb sind in jenem historischen Moment angesiedelt, als Erfolge der B\u00fcrgerrechtsbewegung in den USA greifbar wurden: 1954 erkl\u00e4rte das Oberste Gericht der USA in einem Grundsatzurteil getrennte Schulen f\u00fcr weisse und f\u00fcr afroamerikanische Kinder f\u00fcr verfassungswidrig. Die Erz\u00e4hlung vom ersten Schultag von Tommy hat die wahre Geschichte von Ruby Bridges zur Vorlage: Die Sechsj\u00e4hrige wurde im November 1960 von vier US-Marshals in die Grundschule in New Orleans gebracht. Als sie dort ankam, war sie die Einzige im Klassenzimmer. Die weissen Eltern hatten ihre Kinder von der Schule genommen.

Dank dieser Erz\u00e4hlungen erhalten wir einen realistischen Einblick in den Alltag jener Menschen, deren Situation mit dem Ende der Segregation nicht besser wurde. So schildert die Autorin die vergeblichen Versuche einer alleinerziehenden Mutter, ihren Anspruch auf medizinische Behandlung f\u00fcr ihre Kinder zu erhalten. Oder wie eine Gruppe von jungen PoC in einem weissen Personen vorbehaltenen Caf\u00e9 abgewiesen wird. Eine Familie hat sich gar in den Wald zur\u00fcckgezogen und einen drastischen eigenen Umgang mit Rassist*innen entwickelt.

In einer n\u00fcchternen Sprache \u2013 ein besonderes Lob gilt den \u00dcbersetzer*innen \u2013 n\u00e4hert sich Diane Oliver den Protagonist*innen; so sind diese keineswegs alle sympathisch. Fast jede Geschichte schl\u00e4gt einen etwas anderen Ton an, w\u00e4hlt einen anderen Erz\u00e4hlstil, zeigt eine andere Facette des Talents der jungen Autorin. Manche irritieren, andere emp\u00f6ren, aber alle ber\u00fchren und bewegen, und das nicht nur, weil sie von einer beklemmenden Aktualit\u00e4t sind.

Diane Oliver \u2013 geboren 1943 in North Carolina \u2013 war eine von zwei Afroamerikaner* in nen, die 1965 in den Writers\u2019 Workshop an der University of Iowa eingeschrieben waren. Nur ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter starb sie, kurz vor ihrem 23. Geburtstag und kurz vor ihrem Abschlussexamen. F\u00fcr \u00abNachbarn\u00bb wurde Diane Oliver posthum mit dem Literaturpreis O. Henry Award ausgezeichnet. Von ihrem Werk wurden nur vier Erz\u00e4hlungen zu Lebzeiten ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Zwei weitere kamen nach ihrem Tod heraus, nachdem eine Literaturagentin bei der Schwester Olivers den Nachlass mit weiteren Manuskripten entdeckt hatte.

Von Ruby Bridges wissen wir, dass die Anfeindungen und Angriffe sie nicht zerbrochen haben. Heute gilt sie als Ikone der B\u00fcrgerrechtsbewegung in den USA. Welche harten Schattenseiten der Kampf um Gleichberechtigung hatte, zeigt \u00abNachbarn\u00bb eindringlich auf. Ein Kampf, der noch nicht vorbei ist.

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