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Unter den Menschen, die in der Schweiz Asyl beantragen, befinden sich immer mehr alleinreisende Kinder und Jugendliche, die zum Grossteil aus sehr instabilen L\u00e4ndern wie Afghanistan fliehen. Sie gelten rein rechtlich als Kinder und bed\u00fcrfen besonderer F\u00fcrsorge oder Unterst\u00fctzung, vor allem, da sie ohne ihre Eltern oder Vormund in der Schweiz ankommen.\u00a0Das bedeutet, dass bei allen Massnahmen im Asylverfahren, die Kinder betreffen, das Wohl des Kindes vorrangig zu ber\u00fccksichtigen ist.

Ungef\u00e4hr 11 Prozent der Asylsuchenden in der Schweiz sind minderj\u00e4hrig

Laut dem Staatssekretariat f\u00fcr Migration (SEM) haben 2023 ungef\u00e4hr 3300 unbegleitete Kinder in der Schweiz Schutz gesucht. Das sind 10,82 % der Gesamtzahl der Asylsuchenden. Der Grossteil von ihnen (76 %) ist zwischen 16 und 17 Jahren alt, ungef\u00e4hr \u00bc von ihnen zwischen 13 und 15 Jahren. Mit Abstand die meisten Kinder und Jugendlichen stammen aus Afghanistan.

Steigende Zahlen an Kindern im Asylprozess

Die Zahlen der alleinreisenden Kinder sind nicht nur absolut gestiegen in den letzten Jahren, wie auch die Gesamtzahl der Asylsuchenden gestiegen ist, sondern auch prozentual. 2022 waren es 10% der Asylsuchenden, 2021 nur 6,63%. Es ist also immer wichtiger, dass die Schweiz die besonderen Bed\u00fcrfnisse von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Asylprozess ber\u00fccksichtigt.

Der Asylprozess f\u00fcr Kinder in der Schweiz

Auch die Schweiz hat das \u00dcbereinkommen \u00fcber die Rechte des Kindes der Vereinten Nationen von 1989 ratifiziert, und es trat 1997 in der Schweiz in Kraft. Das bedeutet, dass sich auch die Schweiz verpflichtet hat, die besonderen Rechte von Kindern zu wahren und zu sch\u00fctzen. F\u00fcr den Asylprozess von alleinreisenden Kindern hat das SEM festgelegt, dass im Verfahren ihre Minderj\u00e4hrigkeit beurteilt wird, ihre Interessen durch Vertreter*innen verteidigt werden, ihr Antrag vorrangig behandelt wird, die Bedingungen einer m\u00f6glichen R\u00fcckkehr gepr\u00fcft werden, und schliesslich, wenn sie einem Kanton zugewiesen wurden, entsprechende Massnahmen bez\u00fcglich Unterkunft, Betreuung, Schulbildung, und medizinische Aufsicht getroffen werden.

Besonderer Schutz oft nicht gegeben

Trotz ihres Rechtes auf besonderen Schutz wird oft wenig R\u00fccksicht auf die Verletzlichkeit der alleinreisenden Kinder genommen. Das kann dazu f\u00fchren, dass sie zusammen mit Erwachsenen und einer grossen Anzahl von anderen Personen untergebracht werden, weniger individuelle Betreuung durch geschultes Personal erfahren, der Zugang zu Bildung nicht systematisch gew\u00e4hrleistet ist oder sie mit psychischen Schwierigkeiten allein gelassen werden.

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Ihr Schutz hat Vorrang

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