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Der Vertrag zielt darauf ab, Asylsuchende in die T\u00fcrkei zur\u00fcckzuschicken unter der Voraussetzung, dass es dort sicher f\u00fcr sie sei. Doch diese Voraussetzung des Abkommens ist nicht erf\u00fcllt: Tausende Menschen m\u00fcssen unter erb\u00e4rmlichen und unsicheren Bedingungen auf den griechischen Inseln ausharren.

\u00abHeute j\u00e4hrt sich ein finsterer Tag in der Geschichte des Fl\u00fcchtlingschutzes: An diesem Tag haben die europ\u00e4ischen Regierungen versucht, sich aus ihren internationalen Verpflichtungen freizukaufen, ungeachtet der damit verbundenen menschlichen Not\u00bb, sagt John Dalhuisen, Leiter des Bereichs Europa bei Amnesty International.

\u00abVor einem Jahr, als Europas K\u00fcsten von Zufluchtsorten zu gef\u00e4hrlichen Gebieten wurden, hat man die griechischen Inseln in einen De-Facto-Wartesaal umfunktioniert. Ein Jahr danach befinden sich Tausende weiter in einem gef\u00e4hrlichen, verzweifelten und scheinbar endlosen Schwebezustand\u00bb.

Die Fl\u00fcchtinge sind in \u00fcberf\u00fcllten, erb\u00e4rmlichen Unterk\u00fcnften untergebracht und werden mitunter sogar Opfer von Hassverbrechen.

Die Mehrheit der Asylsuchenden in den Aufnahmelagern d\u00fcrfen die Inseln nicht verlassen. Sie sind in \u00fcberf\u00fcllten, erb\u00e4rmlichen Unterk\u00fcnften untergebracht und werden mitunter sogar Opfer von Hassverbrechen. Bereits f\u00fcnf Gefl\u00fcchtete, darunter ein Kind, sind infolge dieser Umst\u00e4nden gestorben.

Obwohl die europ\u00e4ischen Politikerinnen und Politiker die Fiktion aufrechterhalten, dass die T\u00fcrkei f\u00fcr Gefl\u00fcchtete und Asylsuchende ein sicherer Drittstaat ist, haben die griechischen Gerichte bislang die R\u00fcckschiebung syrischer Asylsuchender in die T\u00fcrkei auf dieser Grundlage blockiert.

Amnesty International hat dennoch dokumentiert, wie einige syrische Asylsuchende unter Verstoss gegen das V\u00f6lkerrecht, das heisst ohne zuvor Zugang zum Asylverfahren zu erhalten und ohne die M\u00f6glichkeit, Rechtsmittel gegen ihre R\u00fcckf\u00fchrung einzulegen, in die T\u00fcrkei zur\u00fcckgeschoben wurden. Andere sind \u00abfreiwillig\u00bb in die T\u00fcrkei zur\u00fcckgekehrt, um dem Elend auf den griechischen Inseln zu entgehen.

Der Jahrestag des Abkommens f\u00e4llt zeitlich mit einer Frist f\u00fcr Anw\u00e4ltinnen und Anw\u00e4lten zusammen, weiteres Beweismaterial in einem entscheidenden Gerichtsverfahren vor dem h\u00f6chsten Verwaltungsgericht Griechenlands vorzulegen. Das Gericht wird dar\u00fcber entscheiden, ob die T\u00fcrkei ein \u00absicheres Land\u00bb f\u00fcr Gefl\u00fcchtete ist.

Bei diesem Prozess geht es auch um \u00abNoori\u00bb, einen 21 Jahre alten Asylsuchenden, der seit \u00fcber sechs Monaten rechtswidrig inhaftiert ist, nachdem sein Asylantrag f\u00fcr unzul\u00e4ssig erkl\u00e4rt wurde, weil die T\u00fcrkei ein sicherer \u00abDrittstaat\u00bb sei. Je nachdem wie das Gericht entscheidet, wird er unverz\u00fcglich in die T\u00fcrkei zur\u00fcckgeschickt. Das in den n\u00e4chsten vier Wochen erwartete Urteil k\u00f6nnte ein Pr\u00e4zendenzfall werden und die Tore f\u00fcr weitere R\u00fcckschiebungen \u00f6ffnen.

Statt zu versuchen, Asylsuchende und Gefl\u00fcchtete in die T\u00fcrkei zur\u00fcckzuschieben, wo sie nicht wirksam gesch\u00fctzt sind, sollte die EU mit den griechischen Beh\u00f6rden daran arbeiten, die Asylsuchenden so schnell wie m\u00f6glich auf das griechische Festland zu bringen, wo ihre Antr\u00e4ge bearbeitet werden k\u00f6nnen. Die europ\u00e4ischen Regierungen sollten Asylsuchende dauerhaft umsiedeln oder ihnen M\u00f6glichkeiten er\u00f6ffnen, auf sicheren und legalen Wegen in andere europ\u00e4ische L\u00e4nder zu reisen. Dies k\u00f6nnte durch Familienzusammenf\u00fchrung oder Visa aus humanit\u00e4ren Gr\u00fcnden geschehen.\u00a0

Das EU-T\u00fcrkei-Abkommen wird von einigen europ\u00e4ischen Regierungen als ein Modell f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen mit anderen L\u00e4ndern propagiert.

Trotz des nachweislichen Versagens und der eklatanten Verst\u00f6sse gegen das V\u00f6lkerrecht wird das EU-T\u00fcrkei-Abkommen von einigen europ\u00e4ischen Regierungen als ein Modell f\u00fcr \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarungen mit anderen L\u00e4ndern propagiert.

\u00abDie Tatsache, dass europ\u00e4ische Regierungen ein Abkommen als Erfolg beschreiben, das unermessliches Leid verursacht hat, macht deutlich, dass der EU-T\u00fcrkei-Deal nichts mit dem Schutz von Gefl\u00fcchteten zu tun hat, sondern Menschen von der Flucht nach Europa abhalten will\u00bb, urteilt John Dalhuisen.

\u00abDas EU-T\u00fcrkei-Abkommen ist ein deutlicher Makel f\u00fcr das kollektive Bewusstsein Europas. Beim Eintritt in sein zweites Jahr sollte das Abkommen nicht als Vorlage f\u00fcr weitere \u00e4hnliche Vertr\u00e4ge genutzt werden, sondern eine Warnung sein f\u00fcr die Ausweglosigkeit von Tausenden verzweifelten Menschen, die auf der Suche nach Zuflucht vor Krieg und Konflikt geflohen sind.\u00bb

Medienmitteilung 17. M\u00e4rz 2017, London/Bern\u00a0\u2013 Medienkontakt

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