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Mit dem Briefing \u00abEncryption: A Matter of Human Rights\u00bb nimmt Amnesty International erstmals Stellung zum Thema Verschl\u00fcsselung und Menschenrechte. Amnesty stellt fest, dass die Verschl\u00fcsselung der Kommunikation und der pers\u00f6nlichen Daten weltweit allen zustehen muss als unverzichtbarer Schutz ihrer Rechte auf Privatsph\u00e4re und den Schutz der freien Meinungs\u00e4usserung.

\u00abVerschl\u00fcsselung ist eine entscheidende Voraussetzung f\u00fcr die Privatsph\u00e4re und die Meinungsfreiheit im digitalen Zeitalter. Verschl\u00fcsselung zu verbieten ist wie Briefumschl\u00e4ge oder Vorh\u00e4nge zu verbieten. Es verhindert, dass man sein privates Leben privat halten kann\u00bb, erkl\u00e4rt Sherif Elsayed-Ali, stellvertretender Direktor f\u00fcr globale Themen bei Amnesty International.

\u00abRegierungen, welche Verschl\u00fcsselung schw\u00e4chen wollen, sollen sich das gut \u00fcberlegen, bevor sie diese B\u00fcchse der Pandora \u00f6ffnen. Die Schw\u00e4chung der Privatsph\u00e4re online k\u00f6nnte verheerende Folgen f\u00fcr offene Gesellschaften haben, insbesondere f\u00fcr Menschenrechtsaktivisten, Journalistinnen und Anw\u00e4lte, welche unsere Regierungen zur Verantwortung ziehen.\u00bb

\u00abHintert\u00fcren\u00bb schw\u00e4chen die Sicherheit

Amnesty International warnt davor, Firmen zu zwingen, sogenannte \u00abHintert\u00fcren\u00bb in Verschl\u00fcsselungs-Software einzubauen. Solche Massnahmen verletzen internationale Menschenrechtsstandards, da sie die Sicherheit der Kommunikation und der privaten Daten willk\u00fcrlich von allen schw\u00e4chen, welche die Software nutzen.

Im Fall Apple vs. FBI kann das Verlangen, Zugriff auf die Daten eines bestimmten iPhones zu erhalten, zwar gerechtfertigt sein. Doch die Methode des Datenzugriffs \u2013 eine Firma zu zwingen, ihre Software so anzupassen, dass die Sicherheitsfunktionen ausser Kraft gesetzt werden \u2013 w\u00fcrde die Voraussetzung schaffen, dass Regierungen Technologiefirmen zwingen k\u00f6nnten, ihre Verschl\u00fcsselungsprodukte zu schw\u00e4chen, damit sie umgangen werden k\u00f6nnen.

Solche \u00abHintert\u00fcren\u00bb bedrohen nicht nur die Privatsph\u00e4re und haben eine abschreckende Wirkung auf die freie Meinungs\u00e4usserung, sie setzen auch die Online-Kommunikation und die pers\u00f6nlichen Daten Sicherheitsrisiken aus, wie beispielsweise dem Diebstahl von Kreditkarten-Daten.

\u00abDer Apple-Fall zeigt, um was es in der Verschl\u00fcsselungs-Debatte wirklich geht. Es geht nicht um ein einzelnes Mobiltelefon, sondern darum, ob es Regierungen generell erlaubt sein soll, die Sicherheit von Software zu diktieren, welche die Privatsph\u00e4re von Millionen von Menschen sch\u00fctzen\u00bb, sagt Sherif Elsayed-Ali. \u00abBeim \u00d6ffnen einer Hintert\u00fcre f\u00fcr eine Regierung riskiert man, die T\u00fcre auch f\u00fcr Cyber-Kriminelle zu \u00f6ffnen sowie f\u00fcr repressive Regime, die ihre Kritiker \u00fcberwachen und verfolgen wollen.\u00bb

Verschl\u00fcsselung ist bedroht

Mehrere Staaten schr\u00e4nken die Anwendung von Verschl\u00fcsselung bereits ein, dazu z\u00e4hlen Kuba, Pakistan und Indien. Andere Staaten verbieten sie teilweise ganz, etwa Russland, Marokko, Kasachstan und Kolumbien.\u00a0

Anstatt Verschl\u00fcsselung zu verbieten, sollen die Regierungen die sichere Online-Kommunikation aktiv f\u00f6rdern und sch\u00fctzen. Amnesty ruft auch die Firmen dazu auf, mit Verschl\u00fcsselung ausreichenden Schutz f\u00fcr pers\u00f6nliche Daten zu bieten.

\u00abVerschl\u00fcsselung zu schw\u00e4chen oder zu verbieten wird ein klares Ergebnis haben: Es wird uns alle weniger sicher machen und unsere Privatsph\u00e4re schw\u00e4chen. Die Angriffe der Regierungen gegen Verschl\u00fcsselung sind kurzsichtig und t\u00f6richt\u00bb, kritisiert Sherif Elsayed-Ali.

Medienmitteilung 22. M\u00e4rz 2016, London/Bern \u00a0\u2013 Medienkontakt

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Die Schwächung der Verschlüsselung bedroht Menschenrechte

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